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Manning Index of South Australian History
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    Place Names of South Australia - K

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington

    Kangaroo Head

    Nomenclature

    At the entrance to the American River on Kangaroo Island; it was named by Matthew Flinders on 23 March 1802.

    General Notes

    A local cemetery is discussed in the Register,
    22 February 1905, page 6e and
    a cairn to commemorate Matthew Flinders on
    15 August 1906, page 4d.

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington
    K
    Place Names

    Kanmantoo

    Nomenclature

    Derived from the Aboriginal kungna- tuko meaning 'different speech', which name they applied to the hill from which copper was obtained.

    General Notes

    Horse races "on the Bremer Flat" are reported in the Register,
    21 April 1849, page 2d; also see
    the Express,
    30 December 1863, page 3c,
    Chronicle,
    29 April 1865, page 3a.
    Also see South Australia - Sport - Horse Racing.

    A proposed district council is discussed in the Observer,
    19 November 1853, page 3e.
    Also see South Australia - Miscellany - Local Government.

    "Kanmantoo South" is advertised in the Register,
    30 October 1856, page 4d.

    Its school opened as "Staughton" in 1853; listed as "Staughton, Kanmantoo" in 1858 and closed in 1953.
    For information on its schools see Chronicle,
    26 December 1863, page 3a,
    Register,
    1 March 1879, page 5b,
    Observer,
    9 March 1912, page 41b.

    Information on the Wesleyan Chapel is in the Chronicle,
    24 September 1864, page 2e,
    26 August 1865, page 2g.
    The opening of the Primitive Methodist Chapel is reported on
    15 April 1865, page 1e (supp.).

    The laying of the foundation stone for the Catholic Church is reported in the Register,
    22 April 1858, page 3b and
    of the Primitive Methodist Chapel on
    14 November 1864, page 3d.

    The opening of a Lutheran church is reported in the Register,
    25 November 1864, page 3h.

    "The Kanmantoo Mines" is in the Register,
    23 January 1866, page 2h.
    "Killed in a Mine" is in the Observer,
    22 August 1874, page 6f.
    The mines are described in the Chronicle,
    22 April 1871, page 8g; also see
    Register,
    15 June 1881, page 5d.
    Also see South Australia - Mining - Copper.

    The district's first ploughing match is reported in the Chronicle,
    15 September 1866, page 3a.
    Also see South Australia - Industries - Rural, Primary and Secondary - Ploughing Matches.

    Information on a vineyard is in the Observer,
    17 October 1868, page 12b; also see
    Observer,
    17 November 1868, page 12a,
    Advertiser on
    17 May 1893, page 7a,
    Register,
    3 March 1910, page 15c.
    Also see South Australia - Industries - Rural, Primary and Secondary - Viticulture.

    A sketch of the bridge over the River Bremer is in the Pictorial Australian in
    May 1875,
    Frearson's Weekly,
    8 March 1879, page 24.

    A cricket match, Kanmantoo versus Callington, is reported in the Register,
    2 April 1874, page 6f.
    Also see South Australia - Sport - Cricket - Miscellany.

    The town and district are described in the Chronicle,
    2 December 1876, page 8b,
    Observer,
    7 March 1885, page 8b,
    2 July 1892, page 9d,
    Register,
    29 June 1892, page 5g.

    A sports day held on Mr Langcake's paddock is reported in the Chronicle,
    11 January 1879, page 4d.

    A proposed telegraph office and school are discussed in the Register,
    1 March 1879, page 5b,
    Chronicle,
    1 March 1879, page 4e.
    Also see South Australia - Communications - Telegraphic.

    Local floods are described in the Advertiser,
    7 January 1895, page 3h.
    Also see South Australia - Natural Disasters - Floods .

    The reminiscences of John Simcock are in the Chronicle,
    30 December 1899, page 42c and
    of Ursula Miners in the Advertiser,
    28 December 1926, page 8b - her obituary is in the Observer,
    31 March 1928, page 49c.

    An obituary of Gottlieb Kuchel is in the Register,
    14 June 1902, page 7c,
    Observer,
    21 June 1902, page 21b,
    of Carl Leunig on 8 November 1902, page 37a,
    of Peter Lewis on 27 July 1912, page 41a,
    of James T. Critchley on 21 October 1926, page 8h. A photograph of an old thatched cottage is in the Observer,
    8 February 1930, page 47.

    "Artillery at Kanmantoo" is in The News,
    25 February 1937, page 4e.

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington
    K
    Place Names

    Kanni West

    Nomenclature

    Aboriginal for 'frilled lizard'.

    General Notes

    This school opened in 1922 and closed in 1938.

    A sports day at Kanni West is reported in The News, 14 September 1927, page 4c.

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington
    K
    Place Names

    Kanowla

    A pastoral property.
    An obituary of a former lessee, J.B. Tothill, is in the Observer,
    29 April 1922, page 19b.

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington
    K
    Place Names

    Kanyaka

    Nomenclature

    According to Robert Bruce, who was overseer of the Arkaba run in 1858-59, the name is a corruption of the Aboriginal undenyaka - 'the place of stone'.

    General Notes

    A report of Hugh Proby's death is in the Register,
    22 September 1852, page 2e.

    Mail communication is discussed in the Register,
    1 July 1868, page 2f.

    Also see South Australia - Communications - Mail and Postal.

    A cricket match, Kanyaka versus Flinders, is reported in the Register,
    17 May 1875, page 7b; also see
    Observer,
    3 June 1876, page 18f for a match against Pekina.
    Also see South Australia - Sport - Cricket - Miscellany.

    A proposed irrigation scheme is discussed in the Advertiser,
    12 March 1898, page 6g,
    Register,
    14 and 29 April 1898, pages 4h and 3h,
    Observer,
    30 April 1898, page 32b,
    Chronicle,
    2 May 1903, page 35a.
    Also see South Australia Industries - Rural, Primary and Secondary - Irrigation.

    "Distressed Farmers in the Hundred of Kanyaka" is in the Register,
    8 November 1900, page 3h,
    Observer,
    10 November 1900, page 31b.

    Reminiscences of the district are in the Chronicle,
    5 January 1907, page 39a.

    "Country Piggeries" is in the Chronicle,
    5 October 1912, page 42d.

    An obituary of John N. Williams is in the Register,
    20 July 1922, page 6i.

    Historical information is in the Register,
    6 February 1926, page 9a.

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington
    K
    Place Names

    Kappakoola

    Nomenclature

    Aboriginal for 'cool water'.

    General Notes

    This school opened in 1939 and closed in 1945.

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington
    K
    Place Names

    Karatta

    Nomenclature

    Karatta is Aboriginal, probably meaning 'a place where creeks meet'.

    General Notes

    The discovery of gems on the station is reported in the Register, 19 January 1897, page 6d.

    Also see South Australia - Mining - Diamonds, Opals and Precious Stones.

    Its school opened in 1955 and closed in 1973.

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington
    K
    Place Names

    Karcultaby

    Nomenclature

    The name was taken from a local pastoral homestead which was rendered 'Culcultaby' by the original lessee, James Henry Hiern, in the 1860s (no. 1616). Aboriginal for 'yellow pipe clay water'.

    General Notes

    Its school opened in 1926 and closed in 1943.

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington
    K
    Place Names

    Karinya, Mount

    Nomenclature

    Formerly Mount Despond, it was renamed by an adjoining landholder, Colonel E.T. Dean; his homestead of the same name stands on section 819, Hundred of Moorooroo. The trig cairn on the Mount has a concrete plate built into the cairn with 'Mount Karinya - 1934' set in concrete. Aboriginal for 'place of rest'.

    General Notes

    A public dinner for Colonel Dean is reported in the Register,
    18 January 1856, page 3f -
    in the course of a speech he traversed the days he had spent in South Australia.

    The trials and tribulations of Colonel Dean when he `locked horns' with George Fife Angas and the Editor of the Register (the supposed watch-dog of `democracy' in the colony) during the turbulent times of elections for the first representative parliament in 1857 are to be found in the Register of that year -
    26, 28 and 31 January, pages 2e, 3d-f and 2d,
    28 February, page 2d,
    16 April, page 2c,
    8 and 9 May, pages 2c and 2b,
    6 June, page 2d.

    See Register, 5 March 1870, page 5d for many problems he encountered when he removed to New South Wales and elected as the member for the district of Hastings.

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington
    K
    Place Names

    Karkoo

    Nomenclature

    Aboriginal for 'sheaoak'.

    General Notes

    Its school opened as "Hundred of Shannon' in 1909 and was changed to "Karkoo" in 1937.

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington
    K
    Place Names

    Karkulto

    Nomenclature

    The Karkulto Mine was 'situated between Kapunda and the Burra about 35 miles from the first-named township'.

    General Notes

    The opening of a Bible Christian Chapel is reported in the Register, 27 October 1858, page 2h.

    The Karkulto Mine was "situated between Kapunda and the Burra about 35 miles from the first-named township" -
    see H.Y.L. Brown, Record of the Mines of South Australia, 1908, page 70 and South Australia - Mining - Coal.

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington
    K
    Place Names

    Karoonda

    Nomenclature

    Aboriginal for 'winter's camp'.

    General Notes

    Its school opened in 1915; see Observer,
    19 May 1928, page 14e.

    Photographs are in the Chronicle,
    5 September 1914, page 30,
    of shifting the Bank of Adelaide to another position on
    7 October 1922, page 28,
    of the old and new council chambers on
    2 July 1927, page 38,
    of a Queen competition on
    5 September 1935, page 43.

    A photograph of the Karoonda Bore Progress Association's Committee is in the Observer,
    2 November 1912, page 29,
    of members of the district council on
    29 July 1922, page 26.

    An obituary of Charles Evans is in the Observer,
    27 September 1924, page 38c.

    "Farming in the Mallee" is in the Advertiser,
    13 August 1931, page 7c.

    Also see South Australia - Industries - Rural, Primary and Secondary - Farming - Mallee and Dry Farming .

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington
    K
    Place Names

    Karte

    Nomenclature

    Aboriginal for 'low thick scrub'.

    General Notes

    Its school opened in 1924 and closed in 1939.

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington
    K
    Place Names

    Katarapko, Hundred of

    Nomenclature

    In the County of Hamley, proclaimed on 6 April 1922, takes its name from a creek of the same name which was formerly known as 'Cragg's Creek' (corrupted from 'Craigie') - Margaret Craigie 'of the River Murray' took the transfer of part of pastoral lease no. 91 of 1851 from John Walker on 2 July 1853; her run was south-east of Lake Bonney (Riverland).

    General Notes

    For a reference to "Craigie's Creek" see Register,
    2 June 1883, page 6a and
    "Cragg's Creek" on
    14 May 1894, page 7d.

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington
    K
    Place Names

    Katinga Hill

    This school on Eyre Peninsula opened in 1926 and closed in 1943.

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington
    K
    Place Names

    Kawi-Padla

    In the Hundred of Parawurlie. Aboriginal for "dying water".
    See D.L.& S.J. Hill, Notes on the Narannga Tribe of Yorke Peninsula.

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington
    K

    Keilira

    This school opened in 1956 and closed in 1981.

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington
    K
    Place Names

    Keilli

    Nomenclature

    Aboriginal for 'extended plain'.

    General Notes

    A sale of allotments is reported in the Chronicle,
    20 November 1875, page 18c.

    Information on a new school in Keilli is in the Observer,
    22 and 29 June 1878, pages 3c and 7e,
    Chronicle,
    13 July 1878, page 14c,
    Observer,
    31 August 1878, page 11b.
    Education Department records show it opening in 1877 and closing in 1943.

    The town is described in the Observer,
    3 April 1880, page 565e,
    Chronicle,
    15 May 1880, page 25f.

    An obituary of Mrs William Carman is in the Register,
    22 May 1917, page 4f.

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington
    K
    Place Names

    Keith

    Nomenclature

    Land in the area (Hundred of Stirling) was first taken up in July 1851 when James Allen and Patrick Kelly settled near Mount Monster in terms of pastoral lease no. 224. The town was proclaimed on 5 September 1889, at which date the railway siding of 'Mount Monster' was renamed 'Keith' after Keith Stirling, the eldest son of Sir Lancelot Stirling.

    Hundred of Keith - In the County of Kintore, proclaimed on 8 February 1894. Department of Lands records state that it was named after Keith Kingston, the adopted son of Charles C. Kingston who was Premier of South Australia from 1893 to 1899. It should be noted, however, that the Governor of the day, Algernon Hawkins Thomond, Earl of Kintore, had the alternative title of 'Lord Keith of Inverurie' - Keith Hall, Inverurie, Scotland was called after the Keith family

    General Notes

    Its school opened as "Mount Monster" in 1889 and changed in 1907.

    "Cultivating the Desert" is in the Register,
    27 March 1914, page 5e.
    Also see Place Names - Ninety-Mile Desert.

    The laying of the foundation stone of a Methodist church is reported in the Observer,
    20 November 1909, page 15a.
    Photographs of the opening of the Methodist Church and its Trustees are in the Chronicle,
    26 February 1910, page 29.

    Photographs of the construction and opening of the Congregational Church are in the Chronicle,
    14 May 1910, page 35,
    3 September 1910, page 29,
    Register,
    7 May 1910, page 15a.

    The town is described in the Chronicle,
    4 March 1911, page 41d.
    Photographs are in the Chronicle,
    25 March 1911, page 31.

    A photograph of a brass band is in the Observer,
    20 February 1915, page 28,
    of an aeroplane crash on
    28 August 1920, page 26,
    of the unveiling of the war memorial on
    4 December 1920, page 26. Also see South Australia - World War I - Memorials to the Fallen.

    An obituary of William Fulwood is in the Register,
    19 March 1919, page 6h,
    of Mrs J.B. Makin in the Observer,
    10 January 1925, page 38e,
    of John W. Kennett in the Register,
    2 August 1926, page 8g,
    of Mrs Jane Newbould on 25 May 1928, page 11d.

    "The Keith [Air] Crash" is in the Register,
    25 and 27 August 1920, pages 7d and 7f.
    Also see South Australia - Transport - Aeroplanes.

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington
    K
    Place Names

    Kekwick, Hundred of

    Nomenclature

    William Kekwick, second-in-command to John McD. Stuart in 1861-62.

    General Notes

    Mr W.D. Kekwick's obituary is in the Observer,
    19 October 1872, page 4g; also see
    7 December 1872, page 13e under "Pioneers of the Northern Route" and
    Register,
    5 and 22 November 1872, pages 6c and 4e.
    The reminiscences of his daughter, Mrs H.E. Wilson, are in the Register,
    15 May 1923, page 6e.

    A school of this name opened in 1928 and closed in 1942.

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington
    K
    Place Names

    Kelly Hill Caves

    Nomenclature

    On Kangaroo Island. About 1880, when Karatta sheep station was being run by Messrs Stockdale and Taylor (lease no. 830), an employee (Frederick John Bates) went out mustering. One man lost his horse named Ned Kelly, when the ground broke beneath them revealing the caves.

    General Notes

    They are described in the Register,
    14 April 1926, page 8g,
    2 June 1926, pages 8f-12g,
    Advertiser,
    20 December 1926, page 16c.
    Also see Kangaroo Island.

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington
    K
    Place Names

    Kelly, Hundred of

    Nomenclature

    John Robert Kelly, MP (1890-1896). Born at Yankalilla in 1850 he was one of the original movers in the formation of the Yankalilla Mounted Rifle Company. 'The progressive land tax, inter-colonial free trade, protection, butter bonus, women's suffrage meet with his approval. He is opposed to land nationalisation, the single tax and elective ministers.'

    General Notes

    Also see South Australia - Politics.

    The first wheat exported from the Hundred is reported upon in the Advertiser,
    7 March 1910, page 5f.

    "The Kelly Pioneers" is in the Observer,
    1 August 1914, page 16c.

    Its school opened in 1918 and closed in 1949.

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington
    K
    Place Names

    Kelynack

    Nomenclature

    A subdivision of part section 5210, Hundred of Kanmantoo, by John William Parsons, in 1881, who is believed to have named it after Reverend Kelynack, an itinerant preacher of his religious persuasion.

    General Notes

    Biographical details of Rev W. Kelynack are in the Register,
    16 March 1877, page 5c;
    also see 23 March 1877, page 4g.

    On 14 May 1881 at page 5c the Register reports on a lecture by the reverend gentleman "which could not fail to have a strong effect on the audience, for it was replete with ideas of genuine worth conveyed in the language of true earnestness"; also see
    14 May 1881 (supp.), page 1b,
    13 April 1883, page 5a.

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington
    K
    Place Names

    Kenilworth

    Nomenclature

    The name was imported from Warwickshire, England and applied by Simon Harvey, timber merchant, shortly after he had purchased the land from Archibald Jaffrey in May 1877.

    General Notes

    Information on the football club is in The News,
    10 August 1923, page 10f.

    Also see South Australia - Sport - Football.

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington
    K
    Place Names

    Kenmare

    The Advertiser of 28 October 1867, page 3g mentions this place near Freeling.

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington
    K

    Kenmore Park

    This Aboriginal School 36 km from Ernaballa was opened in 1981.

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington
    K
    Place Names

    Kennion, Hundred of

    Nomenclature

    The second Bishop of Adelaide, Reverend G.W. Kennion.

    General Notes

    Biographical details of Bishop Kennion are in the Register,
    15 August 1882, page 6a,
    Chronicle,
    18 November 1882, page 18c,
    Observer,
    17 February 1883, page 33b; also see
    Register,
    22 February 1888, page 4f,
    "Bishop Kennion on Social Problems" is in the Register,
    7 May 1890, page 4d,
    "Bishop Kennion's Pastoral Address" on
    24 and 25 April 1894, pages 4g and 4h.

    His obituary appears in the Register,
    22, 23 and 24 May 1922, pages 7d, 3b and 6f.
    also see Observer,
    2 May 1925, page 62d.

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington
    K
    Place Names

    Kenny, Port

    (See under Place Names - Colton for further information on Michael Kenny.)

    Nomenclature

    In Venus Bay. Michael Kenny, an early landholder in the Hundred of Colton.

    General Notes

    The district is described in the Observer,
    15 September 1906, page 44a,
    Register,
    4 September 1906, page 7a,
    9 February 1911, page 6e.

    A photograph of Daniel T. Kenny is in the Chronicle,
    14 August 1909, page 31; also see
    Observer,
    4 February 1911, page 28.

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington
    K
    Place Names

    Kensington

    Nomenclature

    The name is written as Chenesitune in the Domesday Book and probably means 'town of Censige'; other sources say it derives from the Saxon kynsington - 'king's meadow'.

    The Foundation of Kensington

    (Taken from Geoffrey H. Manning A Colonial Experience)

    Introduction

    It must be confessed at the outset that, for the most part, Kensington has not of late years been given to sudden changes. It has an air of tranquillity, arising from the presence of old homes and old gardens. If restless critics object to a lack of a 'go-ahead spirit', the obvious reply is that the district started its career early in the history of South Australia and, accordingly, has a right to rest content while latecomers catch up. Started as a residential district, Kensington has remained so - a place interesting on the human side, rather than that of trade and hustle. It may even be counted 'EarlyVictorian' for the Queen, from whose birthplace it took its name, had not been long on the throne when it was laid out. It was only in May 1838 that the first ballot for land by holders of preliminary land orders was held and, within six months, the history of Kensington began. It was not the earliest suburb for others preceded it. Thus, at the outset, Kensington was a 'bush village' in heavily timbered country, which had, since time immemorial, been a hunting ground for the Aborigines.

    The Beginnings of Kensington

    Among the pioneering emigrants of 1836 was a 25-year old man named Charles Catchlove, who sailed in the Tam O'Shanter on 20 July 1836, arriving at Port Adelaide on 26 November, after which he ventured into the building trade. He is remembered as the founder of the village of Kensington.

    The village was laid out in 1838 into 114 allotments, each of one acre and, on 20 October 1838, the following notice appeared in the SA Gazette & Colonial Register:

    The survey was carried out by J.H. Hughes in November following which an advertisement of 16 November 1838 said:

    Its surveyed streets ran diagonally to follow the line of the creek and, as a consequence, permitted allotment holders ready access to water. The earliest homes erected were by John Roberts in Maesbury Place, a Mr Marshall in Wellington Street, while the first Archbishop of Adelaide, Augustus Short, rented a home in Bishop Court.

    The present site of the village was, at that time, a tract of land densely timbered with eucalypts, and in the spring fragrant with the golden wattle, gay with wild flowers and harmonious with the song of native birds - it was not until 1838 that any great part of the forest was surveyed.

    In 1838 the land now occupied by the eastern suburbs consisted of what were termed 'Sections' and the only road leading from Adelaide was that called the 'Britannia' running from Kensington and then skirting Dr Kent's section (now Kent Town) on the south-west, and that leading from Payneham fringing it on the north-west. The footpath through it, from what is now 'The Parade', Norwood, was the occasion of a considerable amount of frustration, especially during the winter months when the creek running at the back of where Prince Alfred's College stands proved difficult to negotiate, especially when flooded.

    In the early days of settlement the colonists seemed to have a preference to make towards the foothills when seeking land on which to build their homes and, in doing so, they traversed rich forests of eucalypts and golden wattle for about three miles before they reached what is now known as Kensington.

    The two irresponsible watercourses, which had much to do with the lay-out and subsequent of Kensington, start up in 'The Tiers' as they were called in colonial days:

    First Creek comes down from Waterfall Gully and Second Creek from Slape's Gully and are, at one point, just behind what used to be Hackett's garden, within fifty yards of each other, separated by nothing but a stretch of flat land.

    First Creek enters Kensington through West Marryatville, passing through what used to be Sir Edwin Smith's grounds, and flows through East and West Norwood. It was once spanned by 21 bridges on its way through the municipality. Second Creek (or 'Hallett's Rivulet') flows through the eastern part of Marryatville, makes a diagonal cut through Kensington and enters Norwood at Kensington Terrace.

    It was bridged in twenty places between Ringmore Road in Marryatville and Magill Road, Norwood - reason enough to set High Street running slant-wise and to make Bridge Street, where a wooden bridge was erected by public subscription in the early days of Kensington, the pioneer street.

    It is impossible to dwell on all the associations of Kensington, but High Street deserves a mention. At the eastern end stands a pleasant old home in a garden. It was built by Mr Shipster in the 1840s and after his death was the residence of Colonel A.H. Freeling, the Surveyor-General. Opposite stood a two-storey house, 'Rosehurst', the home of the Honourable Lavington Glyde. Many years later it was cut down to one storey and turned into a bungalow, while the triangular garden in which it stood was subdivided, but two magnificent carob trees were left standing.

    Other names associated with this street were Justice Wearing, who was drowned in the wreck of the Gothenburg, and Judge Gwynne, who lived at the corner of High Street and Chapel Street, Dr Thomas Taylor, a pioneer in preventive 'health politics' and the first Mayor elected by the ratepayers instead of by council.

    Dr John Benson came to Kensington in the 1860s and was truly 'a beloved physician', his memory being perpetuated in a drinking fountain at the western end of High Street. Other well-known names in High Street were those of Mr Dalton, the chemist and Mr Howett, a baker.

    The Aborigines at Kensington

    (Taken from Geoffrey H Manning's A Colonial Experience)

    The greatest injury that the settlers of Kensington and the surrounding district had to fear from the Aborigines was one they inflicted unintentionally. As is well known, they lived largely on kangaroo and snakes and to force the animals into places where they could easily be caught, and to compel snakes to leave their underground abodes, they set fire to the summer grass for miles around.

    New settlers coming up the gulf often received this fiery welcome. The whole hills seemed to be ablaze and great clouds of smoke enveloped the plain and, while the intentions of the perpetrators was peaceful enough, the results achieved were alarming to the white inhabitants one of whom declared that 'Adelaide is all but ambushed with flames.'

    Another dangerous habit of the Aborigines related to opossum hunting when they would set fire to huge trees in order to drive the marsupials out of hollow limbs. In the early days the site of Kensington many trees with hollows burned in them large enough to shelter about ten persons.

    Occasionally the Aborigines would put on a special show for the newly-arrived settlers in a specialised form of possum catching as described by a Kensington villager: Two men examined several tree limbs for the presence of hollows and the bark for tell-tale tracks and, having chosen one for examination, the younger Aborigine threw off a piece of rug he had tied around his loins (the whole of his wardrobe), then took a stick, commonly called a cutter, about two feet long and an inch thick which had been hardened in a fire. This was flattened on one side and tapered to a point. With it he cut out a piece of bark about three inches square - This was to be the first step about three feet from the ground.

    The succeeding steps were all cut in the same manner, the native always standing on the highest step to cut the next. In climbing the natives used the outside of the left foot and the inside of the right so that he went up sideways, steadying himself with his right hand. The possum retired to the extreme end of a hollow broken limb and, in pulling it out, the hunter lost his cutter which fell to the base of the tree. Undaunted, he grasped the bitterly resentful possum and placed it on the bark.

    The animal dug its claws in and pulled upwards so the native jerked it loose and set it down again at a lower level where the foolish possum held on tight with all its claws while its captor lowered himself to a lower step. Eventually the Aborigine reached the ground safely where he retrieved his cutter an dispatched his captive.

    Many of their habits were disgusting to the settlers minds. Their food bags were described as containing 'such a heterogenous mass of biscuit, meat, pudding, etc., mixed with a piece of gum and such a variety of what we call filth, that I think a European stomach must be reduced to a considerable degree of hunger before it could relish and part of it.' Their cooking methods were something of a shock to Kensingtonians for they lived mainly on native fauna which were cooked on bare coals without skinning or cleaning; birds were merely plucked before cooking.

    At times articles of clothing, not always of a suitable nature, were distributed among the local Aborigines, following which the female of the species could be seen strutting by in flounced dresses and crinolines, barefooted and bareheaded except for their shaggy hair. In a camping ground along Second Creek, lithe and naked Aborigines lounged by their wurleys or hurled their spears for hunting practice. Occasionally, another tribe from further afield would pay a visit culminating in games in the form of friendly contests. At nights, fires glowed between the trees and the weird cry of corroboree would ring through the woodlands.

    The men, decked with emu feathers and kangaroo bones, ornamented themselves with alternate stripes of chalk and red ochre and danced around the camp fires throwing themselves into well-nigh impossible attitudes and uttering an accompaniment of dreadful yells and screams.

    Today, the great gums that still tower here and there above the plains have forgotten the sound of corroborees. But civilisation has compensated for the loss by providing a variety of other sounds, equally discordant and infinitely less picturesque.

    By 1844 native game was becoming scarce in the district and, early in January of that year, a dozen or so Aborigines made off with twenty sheep belonging to Mr Harris, a butcher. All but one were recovered while the thieves were never apprehended.

    By 1864 concern was being expressed at the inattention of both the Inspector of Aborigines and the Aborigines' Friends' Association to the degraded state of the Aborigines. This followed a complaint that they were to be found drinking, card playing and quarrelling among themselves in the eastern suburbs.

    One blackfellow was seen to create an uproar by knocking down his wife and kicking her in the street, while others disturbed the neighbourhood by disputing and swearing in English just as people were leaving church. Further, concern was expressed of the owners of Norwood brickyards who encouraged the Aborigines to stop there every winter.

    General Notes

    A history of the village and district appears in the Register,
    22 July 1911, page 8a,
    15 May 1919, page 4f,
    16 and 23 April 1923, pages 8a and 8,
    22 May 1923, page 4f,
    Observer,
    28 April 1923, page 14,
    5 and 19 May 1923, pages 50b and 28 (photos).

    The district is described in the Register,
    14 May 1879, page 5,
    "Early Kensington" on
    29 April 1920, page 5d.

    Information on the Kensington Bridge is in the Register,
    8 July 1857, page 2g,
    26 March 1858, page 3h:

    T.G. William's vineyard of the 1860s is discussed in the Observer,
    31 July 1926, page 47c.
    Also see South Australia - Industries - Rural, Primary and Secondary - Viticulture.

    A meeting of the Kensington Volunteers is reported in the Register,
    2 August 1855, page 2h.
    Also see South Australia - Defence of the Colony.

    An art exhibition is reported upon in the Register,
    4 January 1859, page 3d,
    Observer,
    8 January 1859, page 4d.

    Also see South Australia - Entertainment and the Arts - Art.

    A report of a native corroboree is in the Register,
    8 October 1860, page 3h.

    Funerals of the late Messrs George Grosse and William Hughes are reported in the Register,
    15 and 22 June 1863, pages 2f and 2h.

    Information on local "obnoxious trades" is in the Advertiser,
    22 and 24 May 1865, pages 2f and 2f,
    Express,
    29 April 1865, page 2b,
    20 May 1865, page 2b,
    1 June 1865, page 2e.

    Information on the SA Jam Company is in the Chronicle,
    29 January 1870, page 6f.
    Also see Adelaide - Factories and Mills.

    "Public Stenches" were of some concern in 1871 and:

    A pigeon shooting match is reported in the Express,
    15 December 1873, page 3f.
    Also see South Australia - Sport - Pigeon Racing and Shooting.

    A report on its water supply is in Parliamentary Paper 46/1875,
    Register,
    24 January 1880, page 5f,
    Express,
    24 and 30 January 1880, pages 3a and 3c.
    Also see Adelaide - Water Supply.

    The laying of the foundation stone of Saint Joseph's Convent is reported in The Irish Harp,
    10 September 1875, page 5a,
    Observer,
    11 September 1875, page 11b.
    Photographs of the laying of the foundation stone of the Josephite Convent are in the Chronicle,
    18 November 1905, page 27,
    Observer,
    30 June 1906, page 28.

    A trial of Mr W. Bowman's "Improved Winnowing and Stripping Machine" is reported in the Register,
    20 January 1876, page 5e; also see
    28 January 1876, page 5b.
    Also see South Australia - Industries - Rural, Primary and Secondary - Farming - Farm Implements.

    Information on a fountain is in the Express,
    29 November 1877, page 3f.
    The unveiling of the Benson Memorial Fountain is reported in the Register,
    16 July 1879, page 4c.
    .The district is described in the Register,
    14 May 1879, page 5e.
    Also see Norwood.

    "Drowned in a Waterhole" is in the Register,
    15 November 1881, page 4g.

    "New conservatories and rockeries" are described in the Register,
    24 October 1882, page 1g (supp.).

    An outbreak of diphtheria is reported in the Register of 5 May 1883 (supp.), page 1g:

    For a discussion of an outbreak of typhoid fever in the district see Register,
    3 and 18 July 1883, pages 6a and 7g.
    Also see South Australia - Health - Fevers - Typhooid.

    A sports day is reported in the Chronicle,
    25 October 1884, page 15b.

    A fire at David Packham's residence is reported in the Register,
    3 and 19 March 1884, pages 6e and 5a.
    His obituary is in the Register,
    5 April 1912, page 4i.

    A Catholic picnic is reported in the Register,
    15 April 1884, page 4e,
    Observer,
    19 April 1884, page 36b.

    An Aboriginal corroboree is reported in the Observer,
    6 June 1885, page 30b.

    "Estate of John Oake" is in the Register,
    17 June 1885, page 7e.

    A stone breaking competition is reported in the Express, 15 March 1886, page 2c.

    Suburban drainage is discussed in the Advertiser,
    17 June 1886, page 7b,
    Observer,
    29 May 1886, page 39b,
    19 June 1886, page 34c.

    "Kensington Health" is in the Register,
    17 May 1890, page 7h.

    The suicide of the landlord of the Rising Sun Hotel is reported in the Register,
    11 November 1893, page 7f.

    A fatal accident involving J. Maxted, "the South Australian Blondin", is reported in the Register,
    15 and 16 January 1895, pages 5b and 3e.

    The silver wedding of Mr & Mrs Edward Dewhirst is reported in the Register,
    20 December 1899, page 7c,
    the golden wedding of Mr & Mrs Samuel Davie on 15 May 1902, page 5a.

    Biographical details of Mrs Emma Bodger are in the Register,
    9 April 1900, page 4i.

    "The Kensington Murder Case" is in the Observer,
    7 December 1901, page 30d.
    Also see South Australia - Crime, Law and Punishment - Murders.

    The golden wedding of Mr & Mrs Samuel Davie is in the Observer,
    17 May 1902, page 22a,
    of Mr & Mrs W.H. Harry on 20 June 1903, page 21c,
    of Mr & Mrs J.H. Kaines on 25 July 1903, page 24a -
    his obituary appears on 1 August 1903, page 34a.

    "How the Poor Live" in the town is told in the Register,
    22 January 1903, page 4e.

    The reminiscences of Rev Samuel Knight are in the Observer,
    16 September 1905, page 48d.

    "Baby Bitten By a Rat" is in the Register,
    13 June 1907, page 4e.

    "Perth Cottage Trust" is in the Register,
    9 November 1910, page 5c.
    Also see Adelaide - Housing, Architecture and Ancillary Matters - Cottage Homes.

    The diamond wedding of Rev & Mrs C.H. Goldsmith is reported in the Register,
    29 March 1911, page 6g.

    Biographical details of Alfred Taylor are in the Register,
    3 May 1911, page 7a,
    of W. Henry Charlton on 23 September 1911, page 12i,
    of Henry Pound on 4 October 1911, page 6g.

    "The Kensington Sensation" is in the Express,
    3 and 4 June 1914, pages 2f and 4g.

    Biographical details of William Pritchard are in the Register,
    12 April 1916, page 6h, Observer, 15 April 1916, page 28a.

    Biographical details of Mrs Mary A.A. Edmeades are in the Register,
    20 January 1917, page 8i,
    Observer, 27 January 1917, page 30b,
    of Thomas Pitman in the Register,
    30 January 1922, page 7d.

    A patriotic carnival is reported in the Register,
    30 April 1917, page 5b.

    The reminiscences of Harry Perry are in the Register,
    23 April 1923, page 8f.

    Photographs of the district are in the Observer,
    19 May 1923, page 28,
    of the opening of Kings College on
    9 February 1924, page 31,
    of tennis matches on
    8 January 1927, page 32,
    of a King's College sports day on
    8 May 1930, page 32,
    of a college football team on
    10 July 1930, page 34.

    "A Sumptuous Home [Wyke]" is in the Register,
    30 April 1925, page 5c.

    Biographical details of James Forrest and James Eglinton are in the Register,
    29 December 1926, page 11d.

    Biographical details of J.A. Haslam, headmaster of King's College, are in the Observer,
    5 May 1928, page 68d,
    of Mrs Mercy Thomas on 11 August 1928, page 32b.

    Kensington - Schools and Churches

    The laying of the foundation stone for the Independent Chapel appears in the Register,
    7 September 1844, page 3a; also see
    14 and 27 December 1844, pages 3a and 3a;
    that of St Matthew's Church is reported on
    24 May 1848, page 3a.
    "An Interesting Landmark" is in the Register,
    25 September 1909, page 12g; also see
    8 and 9 November 1912, pages 6f and 14h.
    A history of Saint Matthew's Church is in the Register,
    17 November 1923, page 6.

    The opening of a new Congregational Church is reported in the Register,
    9 August 1854, page 2e; also see
    Chronicle,
    1 July 1882, page 8f.

    "The Old Village Church of Kensington" is in the Observer,
    20 June 1891, page 42b; also see
    18 July 1891, page 30d.
    A poem is in The Examiner,
    16 April 1853.

    "Religion in Kensington, South Australia" is the subject of a letter from John Roberts in the South Australian,
    31 October 1850, page 4b.

    A school anniversary is reported in the Register,
    23 October 1855, page 3h.
    Examinations at Mr & Mrs Baigent's school are reported in the Register,
    22 December 1855, page 2f.

    Information on Maesbury House School is in the Register,
    24 December 1857, page 2h,
    Observer,
    26 December 1857, page 3e.
    Information on the Commercial Academy is in the Register,
    24 June 1856, page 2e,
    20 December 1856, page 3e.
    Examinations at Rev Drane's school are reported in the Advertiser,
    27 August 1859, page 3a.

    The laying of the foundation stone of the Primitive Methodist Chapel at North Kensington is reported in the Register,
    25 July 1865, page 3a,
    Chronicle,
    29 July 1865, page 5f.

    The laying of the foundation stone of Saint Joseph's Convent is reported in The Irish Harp,
    10 September 1875, page 5a,
    Observer,
    11 September 1875, page 11b.
    Photographs of the laying of the foundation stone of the Josephite Convent are in the Chronicle,
    18 November 1905, page 27,
    The Critic,
    27 June 1906, page 11,
    Observer,
    30 June 1906, page 28.

    Examinations at the Kensington Seminary are reported in the Observer,
    30 December 1893, page 10e.

    Information on the Misses Muller's Seminary and Kindergarten is in the Express,
    1 April 1896, page 4c,
    17 April 1897, page 4e.

    Information on the Hope Lodge Missionary Training Home is in the Register,
    27 November 1908, page 7f.

    "Memories of Bishop's Court" is in the Register,
    4 February 1911, page 12h.

    Kensington - Sport

    (Also see Adelaide - TransportKensington Park.)

    A cricket match against St Peter's College is reported in the Observer,
    1 April 1854, page 7e.
    The formation of a cricket club is discussed in the Chronicle,
    16 November 1861, page 4b (supp.).

    An annual meeting of the cricket club is reported in the Observer,
    20 September 1873, page 7f,
    Express,
    23 August 1876, page 2e.
    A refusal of the local cricket team to play on the Adelaide Oval is reported in the Register,
    5 March 1874, page 7b; also see
    Express,
    28 November 1876, page 2g,
    19 April 1898, page 4d.
    Also see South Australia - Sport - Cricket - Miscellany.

    The cricket club's 1875 dinner is reported on
    26 June, page 5c; also see
    Observer,
    10 June 1876, page 5b,
    Register,
    6 June 1878, page 2f (supp.),
    24 and 31 August 1880, pages 5c and 5b,
    Observer,
    29 January 1881, page 190c.
    "The Kensingtons in the South-East" is in the Register,
    18 April 1882, page 7a.

    A cricket match at Angaston is reported in The Lantern,
    22 April 1876, page 10a.

    "The Inter-Colonial Cricket Match" is in the Register,
    6, 10, 14 and 15 November 1883, pages 6a, 6c, 6g and 5c.
    "The First Cricket Match, 1881" is in the Register,
    12 October 1923, page 4e.

    A meeting of the Kensington and Norwood Cricketing Association is reported in the Observer,
    6 October 1883, page 18d.
    A photograph of a Kensington Oval cricket team is in The Critic,
    15 August 1923, page 18,
    of a Kensington team on
    21 October 1923, page 18.
    Also see South Australia - Sport - Cricket - Miscellany.

    A meeting of the football and athletic club is reported in the Express,
    11 April 1872, page 2e; also see
    12 July 1872, page 2d,
    5 August 1872, page 2d,
    26 April 1873, page 2d.
    A proposal to amalgamate the cricket, football and athletic clubs is discussed in the Observer,
    5 July 1873, page 8b; also see
    Observer,
    17 June 1876, page 5c,
    Express,
    11 September 1891, page 4c.
    Also see under South Australia - Sport - Football.

    Reminiscences of football in the 1870s are in the Register,
    25 March 1909, page 4g.
    Also see under South Australia - Sport - Football.

    "The Melbourne Footballers at Kensington" is in the Register,
    16 August 1884, page 5b.
    A photograph of footballers of the 1870s and
    the club's history is traversed in the Observer,
    3 April 1909, page 29.

    Information on local football is in the Express,
    18 August 1871, page 2d,
    Observer,
    26 August 1871, page 7e,
    2 and 9 September 1871, pages 7d and 7f,
    13 April 1872, page 8c,
    20 July 1872, page 8b,
    26 July 1873, page 9c,
    9 August 1873, page 5f,
    Register,
    6 May 1873, page 6f,
    16 June 1873, page 5d,
    Express,
    1 and 16 September 1873, pages 2d and 3f; also see
    Observer,
    2 May 1874, page 7f,
    Express,
    24 June 1874, page 2e,
    23 August 1875, page 2d.

    Also see Register,
    7 August 1874, page 6f,
    Observer,
    13 and 27 May 1876, pages 6g and 6a,
    Express,
    22 August 1876, page 2g,
    9 October 1876, page 3b,
    12 May 1877, page 2e,
    2 and 9 June 1877, pages 2d and 2f,
    Observer,
    16 June 1877, page 2f (supp.),
    16 April 1881, page 682e,
    4 June 1881, page 975d,
    29 April 1882, page 19a,
    3 June 1882, page 19b,
    Express,
    20 March 1883, page 4a.

    A moonlight football match is reported in the Express,
    16 April 1878, page 2c.

    Kensington Football Club Athletic Sports are reported upon in the Chronicle,
    26 October 1878, page 18b,
    1 November 1879, page 18a.

    A pigeon shooting match is reported in the Express,
    15 December 1873, page 3f. Also see South Australia - Sport - Pigeon Racing and Shooting.

    A sports day is reported in the Chronicle,
    25 October 1884, page 15b.

    Moonlight bicycle races are reported upon in the Register,
    30 January 1885, page 5h,
    27 February 1885, page 5c. Also see South Australia - Sport - Cycling.

    A tennis match against East Adelaide is reported in the Observer,
    27 June 1885, page 19e,
    against Clare on
    6 November 1886, page 17e.
    Tennis matches are reported in the Express,
    5 and 13 October 1886, pages 4e and 4f.
    Information on and a photograph of a ladies tennis club, "the first in the State", is in the Register,
    1 May 1923, page 6f;
    a photograph of a club committee is in the Register,
    3 January 1928, page 10.
    Also see South Australia - Sport - Tennis.

    An athletics meeting at the Kensington Hotel Tea Gardens is reported in the Observer,
    13 November 1886, page 19b.
    Also see South Australia - Sport - Athletics and Gymnastics.

    Information on a homing pigeon club is in the Observer,
    23 July 1898, page 51c.
    Also see South Australia - Sport - Pigeon Racing and Shooting.

    Kensington - Transport

    Also see:
    South Australia - Transport
    Adelaide - Transport

    "Public Conveyances" is in the Register,
    5 November 1856, page 2f,
    "Runaway Omnibus" on
    4 July 1857, page 3f.
    A complaint about the local omnibus is in the Register,
    10 April 1866, page 3b - "... when they go into a deeper hole than ordinary a mighty groan issues from the whole fabric..."

    "The Kensington and Norwood Omnibuses" is in the Register,
    3 and 11 June 1872, pages 3e and 5c,
    17 December 1875, page 7b,
    21 April 1876, page 5c,
    21 December 1876, page 6d.

    "The Kensington Cabstand" is in the Register,
    21 March 1874, page 3f,
    Chronicle,
    28 March 1874, page 12b. Also see
    Observer,
    29 June 1872, page 8a,
    15 February 1879, page 13d,
    21 November 1891, page 41.
    Information on early horse and tram transport is in the Register,
    16 November 1891, page 6a.
    A meeting in respect of a railway to the hills via Kensington and Norwood is reported in the Register,
    6 August 1878 (supp.), page 2e; also see
    Observer,
    2 November 1878, page 20b.

    Information on the tramway is in the Register,
    11 and 13 June 1878, pages 5d and 14b,
    18 September 1878, page 6d.
    A fatal tramcar accident is reported in the Register,
    10 September 1878, page 5c; also see
    27 March 1880, page 5a.
    Also see .

    "Fatal Tramcar Accident" is in the Register,
    4 August 1879, page 6e.
    A tram trip is described in the Register,
    10 November 1879, page 5f.

    An Essay on Horse Trams

    Taken from Geoffrey H. Manning's A Colonial Experience

    Kensington can boast of having the first tramway in South Australia, which means also the first in Australia, for our colony led the way in that enterprise. A suggestion for a street railway made in 1875 failed due to the council demanding that the tramway company should lay metal on both sides of the road along which the line was to run. In the same year that the Nairne Railway Bill was going through parliament the local council sent in a petition aimed at getting the route of the railway through Norwood. This plea was ignored.

    In 1877 the Adelaide and Suburban Tramway Company was formed and the first rail was laid in front of the Norwood Town Hall by the Governor, Sir William F.D. Jervois, on 29 October 1877; the first car ran to Norwood and Kensington along the 4? mile track in June 1878 and, in 1896, Mr E.T. Smith recalled that he drove the first tram. Stone tram sheds and stables of galvanised iron, with a capacity to provide shelter for 120 horses, were on a triangular block of land at the north-west corner of Shipster Road and Regent Street. The route from the sheds was southwards along Shipster Road, down Kensington Road into High Street to The Parade, northwards into Sydenham Road, then down Beulah Road and Rundle Street into Kent Town to Pulteney Street, then to Hindmarsh Square, Grenfell Street, King William Street and back to Rundle Street. There was much opposition to the line running in Rundle Street because of the narrowness of the street and the alleged danger that the grooves of the rails made to other vehicles.

    However, all was not smooth running for the patrons because many complaints were forthcoming about the uncomfortable trips, the dilatory manner of drivers and the cheekiness of tramboys:

    Under the laws which regulated horse trams there was no effectual check on the number of passengers which could be carried for a conductor could overload his tram to any extent and be safe from prosecution because the private Act of Parliament controlling the company was superior to any corporation by-laws - so the tramcars were overloaded with impunity and the passengers who complained had no redress.

    It was not uncommon to find that a car, supposed to be licensed to carry sixteen passengers inside and nineteen outside, would have as many as twenty-five within and more than thirty without. To complain to the driver during this overloading process was to no avail for he would disregard all remonstrances and take on passengers as long as he could pack them in.

    The laws governing tram cars were amended eventually to give local authorities control over some aspects of the company's operations and the first prosecution was launched in 1906 when Arthur Hutchinson of West Hindmarsh, a driver for the Adelaide, Hindmarsh and Henley Beach Tramway Company, was charged with permitting 'a larger number of passengers than was specified in the licence, viz., five in excess.'

    Counsel for the defence suggested that the alleged overcrowding was 'due to the greed of the company and its desire to draw in the filthy lucre.' After heated exchanges between counsel for both sides the unfortunate defendant was allowed to leave without a blot on his escutcheon because the learned magistrate ruled that portion of the council by-laws were repugnant at law.

    Another inconvenience was the presence of dogs which were permitted in tram cars to the great annoyance of persons inside, while the ever-present drunkard was far more objectionable than a dog in a crowded vehicle.

    Roomy carriages became close and stuffy and the loading at the top and on the steps was a check on ventilation. There were notices in the trams that any complaint or incivility or otherwise should be made to the secretary of the company in writing but they probably found 'themselves in a correspondence which ended in nothing.'

    It was suggested that an appeal to the driver would be useful, but his hands were full minding his horses and attending to the call bell and the state of the traffic in the streets, and had no time in transit for altercations and no power to do anything except complain upon return to the depot - the long hours they had to keep were against any special zeal in this direction.

    Each tramcar had a driver and conductor, the latter usually a boy. The smaller cars had fare-boxes into which were put all the fares in tickets or money. At the end of each journey the driver and conductor delivered a weigh bill showing the number of persons carried, and this of course had to agree with the tickets and money in the box, of which the company manager kept the key.

    In the large cars the stationery boxes were closed and the tram conductor went around with a box which would have served very well for church collection purposes. Its secular character was, however, manifest from its being so constructed that money or tickets could not be taken from it except by use of the key.

    In the smaller cars a strap attached to a bells in front and behind ran along the whole length of the vehicle above the gangway and, by pulling it, a passenger could secure the immediate attention from the driver. In the larger, the alarm bells were rung by touching a cord, which ran along either side above the windows, that on the driver's side being intended for him and the other for the conductor.

    The men who drove the cars were most 'respectable and steady; their daily task [was] severe and protracted.' They worked from twelve to fourteen hours a day and had no special times for meals - they took them when they could. If they were off duty from sickness or any other cause, they had to 'place a shilling for every trip made in their absence.' They received a holiday every other Sunday and one week every year, the latter being a concession introduced only in 1881.

    Many youths from working class families were employed as conductors on the horse trams and one of them, a friend of my younger son, proffered to me a poignant account of his life, both at home and in the work place:

    A newspaper editor had some remarks on the young boys employed as conductors:

    In 1903 a tramboy, aged sixteen years, was accused of stealing a tin worth threepences] and five shillings in money from the company and, upon being found guilty, was ordered a whipping of ten strokes.

    In 1891, the Register carried an informative and perceptive article, purporting to be the story of a day of a tram car written in the first person and, from my own observations over recent years, I concur with the sentiments expressed; it reads in part:

    A complaint about the "sweated" labour of boy conductors on the tramway is aired in the Register,
    17 May 1880, page 6f; also see
    18 and 19 May 1880, pages 6g and 4g-6c,
    13 August 1883, page 7b and South Australia - Industrial Relations - Sweating
    A tram time-table is in Frearson's Weekly,
    22 November 1879, page 352.
    "Boy Conductors" is in the Register,
    17 and 19 May 1880, pages 6f and 4g-6c.

    An informative article on local transport, including horse trams, is in the Observer,
    21 November 1891, page 41e.

    "Tramways Trust and Pile's Paddock" is in the Register,
    19 and 22 December 1908, pages 9a and 4e,
    4 and 9 January 1909, pages 4h and 5h.

    "A Procession of Cars" is in the Register,
    8 March 1909, page 5c; also see
    9, 10, 11, 12, 16, 18, 20 and 22 March 1909, pages 6i, 7a, 4f, 5a, 5a, 5f, 11g and 4h; also see
    Register,
    17 January 1911, page 6f.

    "Motor Tragedy" is in the Register,
    26 April 1911, pages 5g-6e.

    "The First Australian Tramway" is in the Observer,
    il 1923, page 14b.

    Kensington - Obituaries

    An obituary of Benjamin Baye is in the Register, 17 June 1856, page 3h.

    An obituary of Henry Noltenius is in the Register, 11 January 1884, page 4f,
    of James Baigent on 14 January 1888, page 5b,
    of Mrs Salter on 11 April 1892, page 5a,
    of Mrs Josiah Jones on 14 August 1893, page 5c,
    of Mrs Alfred Watts on 21 August 1894, page 5c,
    of Edward Howitt on 28 February 1896, page 5b, 2 March 1896, page 4h,
    of Mrs Elizabeth Lee on 11 October 1899, page 5a.

    An obituary of Charles A. Wilson is in the Register, 21 June 1884, page 4g,
    of Rev Edmund Jenkins on 27 April 1888, page 5b,
    of G. Tilly on 10 August 1888, page 4h,
    of J.A. Bruce on 1 August 1889, page 5a,
    of J.R. Knuckey on 21 July 1890, page 4h,
    of Claude Shuttleworth on 28 May 1892, page 5b,
    of B. Morey on 3 January 1893, page 4g,
    of G.J. Outlaw on 16 June 1896, page 5d.

    An obituary of B. Morey is in the Observer, 7 January 1893, page 30d,
    of Edward Howitt on 7 March 1896, page 45b,
    of Robert P. Abbott on 25 April 1896, page 43c,
    of G.J. Outlaw on 20 June 1896, page 44a, 17 October 1896, page 14d,
    of Mrs Margaret Thorpe on 30 September 1899, page 15c.

    An obituary of Mrs Ellen Meyer is in the Register, 7 August 1900, page 4h,
    of John Counter on 26 November 1900, page 5a,
    of James Cumming, architect, on 29 April 1901, page 5a,
    of W.R. Wilson on 11 July 1901, page 5a.

    An obituary of John Counter is in the Observer, 1 December 1900, page 22a,
    of Mrs Margaret Thorpe on 1 August 1903, page 34a,
    of J.W. Reed on 1 April 1905, page 23e,
    of Mrs Elizabeth Stanton on 10 March 1906, page 38a,
    of Charles J. Woodman, chemist, on 17 March 1906, page 38b,
    of F.J. Botting on 14 July 1906, page 38d.

    An obituary of T.W. Walters, school teacher, is in the Register, 2 March 1903, page 4g,
    of George Cook on 7 March 1903, page 7b,
    of Mrs Margaret Thorpe on 25 July 1903, page 7c,
    of John Whitelaw on 20 March 1906, page 4h,
    of Rev J.C. Woods on 12 May 1906, page 7a, of F.J. Botting on 11 July 1906, page 7a.

    An obituary of W.H. Harry is in theRegister, 13 October 1908, page 6h,
    of William Rowe on 21 March 1910, page 6i,
    of Joshua Gurr on 10 November 1910, page 6h,
    of Mrs J.B. Shuttleworth on 21 November 1910, page 4g,
    of Mrs Ellen Hunter on 11 May 1911, page 4h,
    of J.T. Wallis on 12 July 1911, page 6i.

    An obituary of Mrs C.A. Wilson is in the Observer, 8 May 1909, page 38a,
    of William Rowe on 26 March 1910, page 38a,
    of David Packham on 13 April 1912, page 41b,
    of Joseph Gurr on 14 June 1913, page 41b,
    of Thomas Wiggins on 20 May 1916, page 33b,
    of John Bath on 10 May 1919, page 40c.

    An obituary of Mrs Margaret Smith is in the Register, 15 April 1912, page 4g,
    of Joseph Gurr on 9 June 1913, page 6h,
    of W.E. Dalton on 19 June 1913, page 6h,
    of Mrs Thomas Daff on 10 July 1915, page 8g,
    of W.H. Davenport on 20 August 1915, page 6f,
    of Thomas Wiggins on 16 May 1916, page 4g,
    of G.F. Stewart on 4 January 1917, page 4h,
    of Mrs Sarah Probyn on 13 January 1917, page 6h,
    of William Selth on 22 March 1917, page 6g,
    of Mrs John Bath on 7 May 1919, page 6f.

    An obituary of M.H. Montefiore is in the Observer, 20 March 1920, page 30a,
    of W.H. Pennifold on 30 August 1924, page 27c, 6 September 1924, page 39c,
    of S.D. Davis on 23 May 1925, page 28d,
    of R.H.S. Brown on 15 August 1925, page 45b,
    of W.A. Stevens on 9 July 1927, page 43b.

    An obituary of John Sprod is in the Register, 24 January 1921, page 8a,
    of William Little on 21 May 1921, page 6i,
    of James Daly on 2 November 1923, page 8g,
    of Frank G. Stanton on 1 September 1924, page 6g,
    of Albert Macdonald on 24 October 1924, page 8g,
    of George H. King on 8 November 1924, page 8h,
    of F.T. Vandepeer on 30 November 1924, page 10f,
    of Mrs Sarah A. Goldsmith on 13 December 1924, page 8g,
    of Walter G. Wallis on 20 December 1924, page 13e.

    An obituary of S.D. Davis is in the Register, 21 May 1925, page 8g,
    of R.H.S. Brown on 10 August 1925, page 6h,
    of Mrs Emma Lucas on 19 March 1926, page 13c,
    of William Robertson on 31 March 1926, page 14f,
    of William A. Stevens on 2 July 1927, page 13c,
    of Joseph M.J. Bannister on 5 November 1927, page 13c,
    of Frederick G. Anderson on 1 December 1927, page 15a,
    of John Nosworthy on 18 December 1928, page 15d.

    Kangaroo Head - Kensington
    K