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Manning Index of South Australian History
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    Place Names of South Australia - C

    Coulta - Crafers

    Coulta

    Nomenclature

    The town in the Hundred of Warrow 32 km south-west of Cummins was surveyed by Thomas Evans and proclaimed on 18 October 1877. A corruption of the Aboriginal koolto which was applied to a nearby spring.

    General Notes

    Its school opened as "Warrow" in 1880;
    name changed in 1906 and closed in 1966.
    It and the district are described in the Register,
    22 May 1884 (supp.), page 1a;
    Observer,
    17 May 1884, page 41a,
    Register,
    19 December 1913, page 5g.

    "Polling Place for Coulta" is in the Register, 28 December 1887, page 7b:

    Also see South Australia - Politics - Elections.

    Coulta - Crafers
    C
    Place Names

    Courela

    Nomenclature

    Twenty-four kilometres east of Haslam. An Aboriginal name for a well in the vicinity.

    General Notes

    Its school opened in 1920 and closed in 1943.

    Coulta - Crafers
    C
    Place Names

    Courtabie Well

    For an interesting and informative letter on the menace of rabbits in the district see Register,
    26 April 1881, page 7e; also see
    29 June 1881, page 6g.
    Also see South Australia - Flora and Fauna - Rabbits.

    Coulta - Crafers
    C
    Place Names

    Coutts Lagoon

    Nomenclature

    On section 207, Hundred of Para Wurlie on Yorke Peninsula. James Coutts, who held pastoral lease no. 261 and others from 1853.

    General Notes

    An account of an affray with Aborigines on his station is in the Register, 30 October 1852, page 3b:

    Also see South Australia - Aboriginal Australians.

    Coulta - Crafers
    C
    Place Names

    Cowandilla

    Nomenclature

    Edwin C. Gwynne (1811-1888) gave this name to a subdivision of section 92, Hundred of Adelaide in 1840. An advertisement in the Register of 1 August 1840 suggested that it was a 'privilege to buy into this new development' which was claimed to be: '... the cheapest in... Adelaide.'

    This notice is headed: 'Cowandillah [sic] - so called on account of the great facilities of obtaining water', while a State Library reference says it is derived from the Aboriginal kaunenna-dlla - 'the locality of the waters', which name specifically related to the Glenelg district.

    General Notes

    A photograph of Turner's slaughtering yards is in the Pictorial Australian in September 1893 (supplement).

    A photograph of a working-bee is in the Observer,
    29 July 1916, page 23,
    of school teachers taking lessons in woodwork at a local school is in the Chronicle,
    27 January 1917, page 30,
    of a school bank day on
    8 November 1934, page 38,
    of an Arbor Day on
    18 July 1935, page 32,
    15 July 1937, page 32.
    Also see South Australia - Education - Arbor Days.

    An obituary of Andrew C. Harley is in the Register,
    11 May 1928, page 11g.

    Coulta - Crafers
    C
    Place Names

    Coward

    A school near Oodnadatta which existed from 1894 to 1895.

    Coulta - Crafers
    C
    Place Names

    Coward Springs

    Nomenclature

    Corporal Thomas Coward (1834-1905), a member of P.E. Warburton's exploration party in 1858.

    General Notes

    Also see South Australia - Police.

    Its school existed from 1888 until 1890.

    A police officer of this name was dismissed from the service in February 1859 because of "disobedience of orders and gross ill treatment of a horse entrusted to his care" - see Parliamentary Paper 88/1860 and Register, 6 July 1905, page 7c which contains an obituary and says he departed South Australia for Queensland "in 1860".

    "A Chat With an Old Explorer" is in the Observer,
    30 May 1891, page 35e.

    Thomas Coward's reminiscences are in letter form in the Register,
    25 October 1893, page 7g; also see
    22 and 26 May 1896, pages 3g and 3g,
    17 December 1900, page 3e.
    A photograph is in the Observer,
    18 December 1897 (supp.).
    An obituary is in the Register,
    6 July 1905, page 7c,
    Chronicle,
    8 July 1905, page 38c,
    Observer,
    8 July 1905, page 29 (photo.)-38c:

    Successful boring for artesian water is reported in the Register,
    17 July 1886, pages 5b-7f; also see
    Chronicle,
    28 April 1888, page 13c.
    Also see South Australia - Northern Lands Development and Allied Matters - Water, Artesian Wells and Springs.

    The spring and the hotel are described in the Observer,
    27 March 1897, page 33d,
    Register,
    24 April 1897, page 6h; also see
    23 August 1905, page 7a.
    A sketch is in the Pictorial Australian in
    April 1887, page 61;
    a photograph is in the Chronicle,
    21 June 1934, page 38:

    An obituary of a hotel keeper, Magnus Cheyne, is in the Observer,
    29 December 1906, page 38a.

    Coulta - Crafers
    C
    Place Names

    Cowarie

    Nomenclature

    On the Marree-Birdsville track; an Aboriginal word for a marsupial rat. The name was also applied to a pastoral lease by William B. Rounsevell, when he took up 400 square miles in the area on 31 December 1875 (lease no. 2568).

    General Notes

    A sketch of the pastoral station is in the Pictorial Australian in
    February 1884, page 25,
    of a native camp in
    August 1884, page 124.

    Coulta - Crafers
    C
    Place Names

    Cowell

    Also see Place Names - Franklin Harbor.

    Nomenclature

    The town 112 km south of Whyalla, proclaimed on 28 October 1880, was named by Governor Jervois after Sir John Clayton Cowell, PC, KCB, 'Master of the Household of Queen Victoria and Lieut-Governor of Windsor Castle. Sir John was a Member of Governor Jervois' Corps, the Royal Engineers. He died in 1894.

    General Notes

    A sports day is reported in the Chronicle,
    30 July 1887, page 22d,
    5 January 1895, page 22b,
    18 January 1896, page 26b.

    A Show is reported in the Chronicle,
    9 November 1895, page 20d,
    7 October 1911, page 11g (includes a history).
    Photographs are in the Chronicle,
    6 October 1932, page 32.
    Also see South Australia - Agricultural, Floricultural & Horticultural Shows.

    A cricket match against Cleve is reported in the Chronicle,
    29 August 1896, page 26a;
    versus Tumby Bay on
    3 October 1896, page 27e.
    Also see South Australia - Cricket - Miscellany.

    The town is described in the Register,
    12 May 1888, page 6e:

    Also see Register,
    3 October 1905, page 5c,
    12 November 1906, page 7d,
    6 April 1908, page 7f,
    30 December 1908, page 7c,
    9 February 1910, page 8h,
    4 May 1911, page 6f,
    10 October 1911, page 10b;
    it and the district in the Advertiser,
    7 October 1910, page 11h,
    Chronicle,
    22 April 1911, page 44a,
    Register,
    10, 12 and 14 October 1925, pages 5a, 12a and 11g,
    6 April 1926, page 7.

    Also see Advertiser,
    19 July 1927, page 14h,
    Register,
    13 February 1928, page 14g.
    Photographs are in the Observer,
    7 October 1905, page 30,
    27 March 1909, page 30,
    Chronicle,
    24 November 1906, page 30,
    4 March 1911, page 32,
    Observer,
    18 February 1911, page 32,
    3 June 1911, page 31,
    11 November 1911, page 32,
    Chronicle,
    14 April 1932, page 34.

    Its school opened in 1892.
    A photograph is in the Chronicle,
    8 January 1910, page 32,
    2 July 1910, page 31.
    A photograph of an Arbor Day is in the Chronicle,
    23 July 1931, page 31.
    Also see South Australia - Education - Arbor Days.

    A sports meeting is reported in the Chronicle,
    18 January 1896, page 26b.

    Information on the water supply is in the Express,
    26 February 1895, page 2d:

    "Water for Cowell" is in the Advertiser,
    29 December 1898, page 3e; also see
    2 September 1899, page 10g,
    Express,
    30 March 1909, page 1h,
    20 April 1909, page 1f.
    Information on the town's water supply is in the Register,
    13 September 1913, page 7d.
    Information on the Ullabidnie reservoir is in the Observer,
    23 January 1915, page 30c.
    Also see South Australia - Water Conservation.

    The golden wedding of Mr & Mrs James Watson is reported in the Register,
    2 February 1909, page 7d.

    The opening of the Methodist Church is reported in the Observer,
    6 February 1909, page 16a.

    "Progress in Cowell District" is in the Advertiser,
    15 March 1909, page 10e.

    Information on the jetty is in the Observer,
    11 September 1909, page 44b,
    14 June 1913, page 45b.
    The opening of the jetty is reported in the Advertiser,
    11 June 1913, page 18d;
    photographs are in the Observer,
    21 June 1913, page 30.

    A photograph of a waterfall is in the Chronicle,
    8 January 1910, page 32,
    of a regatta committee on
    2 April 1910, page 30,
    of rifle shooting competitions on
    24 June 1916, page 29,
    of a stingray catch on
    5 February 1931, page 36,
    of a race meeting on
    26 March 1931, page 38,
    of mail cars on
    3 December 1931, page 34,
    of a carnival on
    4 August 1932, page 32,
    of a brass band on
    2 February 1933, page 34,
    of a motor car bogged on the Arno Bay road on
    2 February 1933, page 38,
    of sand castle builders and a "treasure hunt" on
    17 January 1935, page 36.

    "Churches at Cowell" is in the Register,
    19 May 1911, page 6g.

    The laying of the foundation stone of the Institute is reported in the Register,
    5 October 1911, page 5e;
    its opening on
    21 May 1912, page 7a.
    Photographs are in the Chronicle,
    14 October 1911, page 31.

    A proposed hospital is discussed in the Observer,
    7 May 1910, page 15d.
    Its opening is reported in the Advertiser,
    12 December 1911, page 12a.
    Photographs are in the Chronicle,
    23 December 1911, page 31,
    21 October 1922, page 29.

    Reports of a rich silver discovery near Cowell is reported in the Register,
    30 November 1912, page 12f,
    2, 7 and 11 December 1912, pages 6h, 20b and 14e,
    3 May 1913, page 16f.
    Also see South Australia - Mining - Coal.

    A motor car trip to Adelaide by Mrs Thompson, Mrs Bosisto and Mr S.H. May is reported upon in the Register,
    23 August 1916, page 5d.
    Also see South Australia - Transport - Motor Cars and Cycles.

    "Grasshoppers Inches Deep at Cowell" is in the Advertiser,
    31 October 1934, page 19g,
    2, 3 and 9 November 1934.
    Also see South Australia - Natural Disasters - Locusts and Grasshoppers.

    "Harbor Heroes" is in the Chronicle, 30 July 1936, page 49.

    Cowell - Obituaries

    An obituary of G.L. Ware is in the Observer,
    30 November 1901, page 23a, 28 December 1901, page 22b,
    of Mrs J.P. McCarthy on 27 April 1907, page 29e,
    of Donald Young on 21 February 1914, page 41a,
    of Mrs Caroline Franklin on 16 September 1916, page 22a,
    of James Guidera on 19 January 1918, page 11b,
    of W.F. Franklin on 17 November 1928, page 50b.

    An obituary of Donald Young is in the Register,
    17 February 1914, page 8a,
    of Mrs Caroline Franklin on 8 September 1916, page 4i,
    of John Storey on 10 November 1916, page 4f,
    of James Guidera on 15 January 1918, page 4f,
    of George Howell on 30 April 1920, page 7b,
    of A.E. Tuck on 17 April 1925, page 8g,
    of Mrs W.T. Cooper on 25 June 1926, page 11i,
    of F.L. Grund on 10 November 1928, page 16g.

    Coulta - Crafers
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    Place Names

    Cowiealunga

    Nomenclature

    The name is corrupted from the Aboriginal cowie-orlunga - "many streams".

    General Notes

    It was the name of a school commonly known as "Myponga Jetty School" - see Advertiser,
    19 September 1870, page 3f;
    examinations are reported in the Chronicle,
    30 September 1871, page 7a:

    Coulta - Crafers
    C
    Place Names

    Cowirra

    Nomenclature

    Corrupted from the Aboriginal kauwira - kau relates to large grubs, whose root feeding larvae live under the river red gum trees and were gathered with two-metre long hooked lignum canes.

    General Notes

    "Cowirra Irrigation Land" is in the Register, 3 March 1926, page 10f:

    Also see South Australia - Industries - Rural, Primary and Secondary - Irrigation.

    Coulta - Crafers
    C
    Place Names

    Cox Creek

    Nomenclature

    Robert Cock (c.1801-1871) was born in Fifeshire, Scotland and arrived in South Australia in the Buffalo in 1836. In 1894, H.C. Talbot said:

    General Notes

    A letter from Robert Cock is in the South Australian Record,
    31 October 1840, page 229.

    Information on its nomenclature is in the Chronicle,
    14 January 1893, page 8f.

    A prison station "under the management of Mr A.J. Murray" is mentioned in the Register,
    19 April 1862 in an article on the Stockade at Dry Creek,
    "Hard Labour at Cox Creek" is in the Chronicle,
    30 January 1936, page 49:

    A report of iron ore found near the creek is in the Register,
    30 October 1866, page 2e.
    Also see South Australia - Mining - Coal.

    Flooding is discussed in the Observer,
    20 August 1870, page 7d.
    Also see South Australia - Natural Disaters - Floods.

    Coulta - Crafers
    C
    Place Names

    Cradock

    Nomenclature

    A town 25 km SSE of Hawker proclaimed on 6 March 1879 and named by Governor Jervois probably after Sir John Cradock, Governor-General of South Africa (1811-1814). Governor Jervois spent the years 1842 to 1848 in that country and would have been familiar with the local town of Cradock.

    General Notes

    A sale of town allotments is reported in the Chronicle,
    15 March 1879, page 4e.

    Information on the town's cemetery is in the Register,
    1 June 1880 (supp.), page 3c.

    A sports day is reported in the Chronicle,
    8 January 1881, page 26b,
    25 March 1893, page 13d,
    30 March 1907, page 30c.

    Its school opened in 1881 and closed in 1949.
    The Register, 1 June 1880, page 3 (supp)) says "A public meeting was held in May 1880 at Mr. Anderson's to initiate steps for obtaining a school..."
    The Register of
    20 July 1887 at page 3b says that the school it was "only 20 feet by 15 feet and frequently girls fainted during school hours owing to its general state of dilapidation and the crowded condition it was in."
    An Arbor Day is reported in the Register,
    14 August 1893, page 6b.
    Also see South Australia - Education - Arbor Days.

    Information on failed crops is in the Register,
    26 January 1882 (supp.), page 1c:

    Also see South Australia - Northern Lands Development and Allied Matters - Comments on Goyder's Line.

    A Catholic picnic is reported in the Chronicle,
    25 March 1882, page 21e and
    information on St Gabriel's Church on
    18 July 1885, page 7b.

    Its first Show is reported in the Register,
    15 September 1883, page 6g; also see
    Chronicle,
    26 September 1885, page 12e,
    15 October 1887, page 14a.
    Also see South Australia - Agricultural, Floricultural & Horticultural Shows.

    A dinner to W.T. Lithgow is reported in the Register,
    26 February 1885, page 7a.

    Irregularities in the conduct of the local Vermin Destruction Board are reported in the Register,
    24 July 1886, pages 5a-7f.
    Also see South Australia - Flora and Fauna - Rabbits.

    "The Cradock Ghost" is discussed in the Register,
    15, 16 and 27 June 1887, pages 3h, 7g and 3h,
    14 and 19 July 1887, pages 7e and 7h,
    5 August 1887, page 3g,
    Observer,
    18 June 1887, page 27b,
    2 and 30 July 1887, pages 8a and 6e,
    13 August 1887, page 27d,
    Express,
    29 April 1887, page 3e,
    6 and 9 May 1887, pages 4a and 3e,
    10 and 15 June 1887, pages 3e and 7f.

    The town is described in the Advertiser,
    17 December 1885, page 7b,
    Parliamentary Paper 66/1886,
    Observer,
    19 December 1885, page 36b.
    "Troubles of the Farmers" is in the Advertiser,
    7 November 1888, page 6b; also see
    Chronicle,
    7 November 1896, page 17a.
    Also see South Australia - Northern Lands Development and Allied Matters - Comments on Goyder's Line.

    Information on the Institute is in the Chronicle,
    13 April 1895, page 22a.

    A drought is discussed in the Observer,
    31 October 1896, page 29a.
    Also see South Australia - Natural Disasters - Droughts.

    A sports event on St Patrick's Day is reported in the Chronicle,
    31 March 1900, page 15d.

    Reminiscences of the district by D. Fitzgerald are in the Register,
    6 May 1914, page 4a.

    Biographical details of J.H.P. Moyses are in the Register,
    25 February 1928, page 12g;
    also see 13 March 1928, page 8g.

    The location of a guano deposit is reported in The News,
    15 June 1932, page 1f.
    Also see South Australia - Mining - Miscellany.

    A photograph of a tennis team is in the Chronicle,
    30 April 1936, page 31.

    Cradock - Obituaries

    An obituary of T.F. Hilder is in the Register,
    29 October 1919, page 6h,
    of Mrs Agnes Ruddock on 21 July 1925, page 8g.

    An obituary of Martin Neylon is in the Observer,
    16 May 1925, page 11c.

    Coulta - Crafers
    C
    Place Names

    Crafers

    Nomenclature

    H.C. Talbot says: 'David Crafer of the "Sawyer's Arms'' on the Mount Barker road took out the licence on 22 March 1839.'

    An Essay on Crafers

    The name is associated with David Crafer who came from Buxton, near Norwich, in Norfolk and took out a licence for an hotel in the Mount Lofty range on 22 March 1839. Following accusations alleging that he was a cattle rustler or, perhaps, a receiver of stolen cattle, on 17 July 1839 he placed the following rebuttal in an advertisement in the local press:

    His new hotel received due publicity when, on 6 October 1840, he stated in the Southern Australian that:

    A report published later says the dinner came off 'in a style of great elegance. The greatest hilarity prevailed throughout the evening and no one seemed to have regretted his trip from town. A full length picture of Admiral Lord Nelson was exhibited at the dinner.' In his recollections published by the local branch of the Royal Geographical Society, Thomas Hardeman says:

    Hardeman went on to say that Mr Crafer was much annoyed by the existence of sly grog shanties and did all he could to suppress them. In his recollections of early days J.W. Bull relates how he arrived at Crafer's 'old bush pub' to find it in possession of bushrangers who had bailed up Mrs Crafer and the servants and were treating themselves and a bar full of tiersmen to the best in the house. Mounted police were sent for and on arrival found the lawbreakers helplessly drunk. They were easily handcuffed and two were executed later on a more serious charge. David Crafer at one time was also licensee of the South Australian Arms Hotel in Hindley Street. He died on 15 August 1842 after 'a lingering illness.'

    A few months before his death his hotel and near environs were described as:

    Among the early settlers in the immediate area were the Cobbledick family in 1845 when they commenced to grow potatoes raised from seed obtained from Brown's River, Tasmania and their yield was as high as eight tons per acre. As a boy William Cobbledick, who was born at O'Halloran Hill in 1841, hawked potatoes about Adelaide and Norwood and recalled the times when men and women could be seen carrying baskets of produce on their backs to the Adelaide market. In July 1862, Mr Cobbledick ploughed the first 20 acres for Messrs Clark and Crompton's vineyard at Stonyfell.

    The first annual show of the Crafers Horticultural and Floricultural Association took place on 14 March 1878 in a marquee erected at the foot of the hill opposite the Crafers Inn:

    General Notes

    It was previously called "Old Tiers" - see Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society, volume 6, page 56.

    The SA Record, 21 November 1840, p. 332, says, inter alia:

    The opening of Mr Crafers' Norfolk Hotel is reported in the Register,
    24 October 1840, page 2d:

    Also see
    Southern Australian,
    6 October 1840, page 2e and
    South Australian Magazine, 1841-1842, page 196.

    "Old Bush Pub - Early Crafers History" is in The Mail,
    4 August 1928, page 13e.

    An editorial entitled "A Railway to Crafers" is in the Register,
    4 October 1856, page 2d.
    Also see South Australia - Transport - Railways.

    By the closing months of 1856 the idea of a railway through the "Eastern Hills" was not exactly a new one in the minds of the government and some private citizens, but prior to that time the suggestions made on this subject were not characterised by much practicability. In October 1856 the Editor of the SA Register addressed the subject:

    A proposed district council is discussed in the Register,
    16 October 1857, page 3h,
    Observer, 17 October 1857, page 4h.
    Also see South Australia -Miscellany - Local Government.

    Examinations at the school are reported in the Observer,
    1 January 1859, page 4f; also see
    Observer,
    21 December 1861, page 3d,
    7 September 1867, page 6g,
    Register,
    30 December 1864, page 3f,
    21 August 1867, page 4b,
    3 September 1867, page 2e,
    Express,
    26 October 1872, page 2d,
    Register,
    6 November 1912, pages 7h-8e.
    A proposed new school is discussed in the Register,
    20 June 1927, page 8f.
    Its opening is reported on
    1 September 1928, page 10g.
    Photographs are in the Observer,
    16 June 1928, page 52,
    Chronicle,
    8 September 1928, page 54.

    The opening of a Primitive Methodist Chapel is reported in the Observer,
    27 December 1862, page 5g.

    A local Show is reported in the Observer,
    16 March 1878, page 5c,
    Register,
    14 February 1879, page 6c,
    26 March 1880, page 6a,
    26 March 1881, page 7a and (see South Australia - Agricultural, Floricultural & Horticultural Shows)
    the opening of the Anglican Church on
    18 February 1879, page 5b.

    The laying of the foundation stone of the Institute is reported in the Express,
    16 October 1882, page 3b.

    The laying of the foundation stone of the Church of the Epiphany is reported in the Register,
    3 October 1898, page 6f;
    its consecration is on
    7 January 1899, page 9c.

    A flower farm is described in the Register,
    2 July 1890, page 5c,
    Observer,
    23 May 1891, page 37e,
    24 October 1891, page 11b,
    16 July 1892, page 11b,
    Register,
    19 October 1891, page 5a,
    4 March 1893 (supp.), page 1b and
    the district on
    7 April 1893, page 6d,
    27 April 1893, page 6b:

    A field naturalists excursion is reported in the Register,
    31 March 1893, page 7h,
    15 October 1906, page 9c.

    The laying of the foundation stone of the district hall is reported in the Register,
    16 March 1908, page 7g and
    its opening on
    29 June 1908, page 8h;
    photographs are in the Chronicle,
    4 July 1908, page 30.

    The formation of a football club is reported in the Advertiser,
    13 April 1910, page 7h.
    Also see South Australia - Sport - Football.

    A photograph of vehicles passing through the town on their way to Oakbank is in the Chronicle,
    13 April 1912, page 30,
    of a draught horse team in the Observer,
    14 December 1929, page 3 (supp.).

    Biographical details of Nurse Blanche Atkinson are in the Register,
    9 September 1916, page 4g and
    an obituary on 13 December 1916, page 6h.
    Also see South Australia - Women - Nurses and Female Doctors.

    "Diphtheria at Crafers" is in the Register,
    25 May 1922, page 6e,
    Observer,
    27 May 1922, page 28c. Also see South Australia - Health - Diptheria

    Biographical details of Mrs Mary A. Mason are in the Register,
    5 August 1925, page 8h.

    Crafers - Obituaries

    An obituary of Captain Alfred France is in the Register,
    4 April 1899, pages 4g-5a,
    of R.K. Spotswood in the Observer, 18 July 1903, page 34c,
    of John Spencer in the Express, 5 October 1904, page 4c,

    of Dr J.H. Henderson in the Observer, 20 February 1909, page 40c,
    of F.J. Atkinson on 26 April 1913, page 41a,
    of Mrs Agnes Pendleton on 5 July 1924, page 38a.

    An obituary of Frank Adams is in the Register,
    25 June 1917, page 4e.

    Coulta - Crafers
    C