Place Names of South Australia - P
Parakylia - Parkside
- Parakylia
- Paralana
- Paralowie
- Paramatta
- Parara
- Paratoo
- Parcoola, Hundred of
- Pareora Estate
- Parham
- Parilla
- Paringa
- Paringa(2)
- Paringa(3)
- Paringa Park
- Paris Creek
- Parkfield
- Parkin
- Parklands
- Parkside
Parakylia
Nomenclature
Near Kingoonya where a post office operated from August 1884 to April 1898. A corruption of the Aboriginal parakilia which was applied to several species of indigenous succulent annual portulacaceous plants, of the genus calandrina found in the drier parts of South Australia. Its presence permitted the use of camels in areas otherwise entirely devoid of water, the animals obtaining both food and water from the fleshy leaves.
General Notes
Information on the pastoral property is in the Register,
26 April 1892, page 5g,
Observer,
1 March 1924, page 47b.
The use of camels in the district is reported in the Register,
5 February 1924, page 11b.
- The proprietors of Parakylia were the first station owners in the district to import camels from India for their own use.... It was on this station that that an Indian named Nutoo was sent with a camel to take rations to an outstation and, while on his way, he was attacked by a bull camel belonging to the Police Department, which was roaming about on its own. It first went for the camel Nutoo was riding and then took to the man who made for the nearest tree which he ascended like a wild cat. For two days and nights he remained there, closely watched by Aggie, the camel. His predicament was discovered by some station hands and they secured the animal and tied it down until it had cooled off.
Also see South Australia - Flora and Fauna - Camels.
A policeman was sent to take Aggie to Hergott but he was afraid to handle it until the mail arrived, when Abernethy, the mailman, went into the stockyard, caught it and tied a rope around its jaws so that it could not open its mouth... Later on this same camel killed a black boy at Alice Springs and was destroyed...
P
Place Names
Paralana
Nomenclature
East of Lyndhurst; corrupted from the Aboriginal padaardlanha - 'hot springs'. In their legend two young warriors fought for the love of a beautiful maiden; the victor, after vanquishing his opponent, reached into the sky, captured a lightning bolt and drove his murder weapon, now converted into a fire stick, deep into the ground. Thus, the springs were created in an instant.
The Register of 3 October 1868, page 3g says that "Parrabarana" is corrupted from the Aboriginal perrabarrina - "more water".
General Notes
The Register of
16 September 1857 at page 3f has a letter from John Jacob in respect of an exploration undertaken by him in the region.
His obituary appears on
29 and 30 August 1910, pages 6a and 6i.
Aborigines were troublesome during 1858 - see Register,
25 June (p. 3b),
16 July (p. 3h),
26 July (p. 3h) and
10 August (p. 3a) - see
26 May 1865, page 5d and
30 June 1865, page 3g for a report on the killing of sheep by Aborigines;
also see Parliamentary Paper 124/1865.
Also see South Australia - Aboriginal Australians.
"Black Foragers" is in the Observer,
24 May 1873, page 7g.
- A mob of about 100 aborigines from the far outlying country on their return from getting their usual supply of red ochre in the ranges here, robbed several of the huts belonging to the station, bidding defiance to one shepherd who upon the bank of a creek, in which his hut stands, observed them taking away his clothes and called out to them. Instead of ceasing their depredations they bid him come down and said they would fight him... The overseer and others... followed on track of the black gentry and returned on being satisfied that they had gone off to their own region...
pages 109 and 264 and
Register,
11 November 1899, page 11a.
Also see South Australia - Mining - Copper.
Information on its hot springs is in Register,
3 July 1917, page 5d,
The News,
8 December 1924, page 4f,
Observer,
18 July 1925, page 62d,
"Northern Health Resorts" in the Register,
27 April 1926, page 13e,
The Mail,
1 May 1926, page 1d,
17 July 1926, page 1f,
Observer,
31 July 1926, page 49d,
The News,
16 November 1926, page 7e.
"Beneficial Hot Springs" in the Register,
5 October 1926, page 9f,
26 March 1927, page 12c; also see
7 September 1928, page 13a,
The Mail,
19 May 1928, page 2g,
Chronicle,
15 September 1928, page 54d.
Photographs are in the Observer,
1 January 1927, page 34,
2 April 1927, page 52e,
15 September 1928, page 52e,
Chronicle,
16 July 1927, page 37.
Also see South Australia - Health - Miscellany.
A photograph of a water carrier is in the Chronicle,
3 December 1927, page 42.
Also see South Australia - Northern Lands Development and Allied Matters - Water, Artesian Wells and Springs.
Parakylia - Parkside
P
Place Names
Paralowie
Nomenclature
Derived from the Aboriginal para -'river' and owie - 'water'.
General Notes
Mr Russell's property "Paralowie" is mentioned in the Register,
30 June 1903, page 6h.
- Paralowie is the euphonious name which Mr Frank A. Russell has given to his splendid orangery which is situated close to the railway station. The property embraces 121 acres...
Parakylia - Parkside
P
Place Names
Paramatta
Nomenclature
A railway station near Wallaroo was named after a local copper mine.
General Notes
Also see South Australia - Mining - Copper.
The Paramatta Mine "situated a little N of Moonta, was worked for many years, with a fair yield..." - see Records of the Mines of South Australia (fourth edition), page 111.
The mine is described in the Register,
"The Paramatta Mine and its Late Manager" is the subject of a correspondent's letter in the Advertiser,
"The Paramatta Mines" is the subject of a feature article in the Advertiser,
Parliamentary Paper 34/1877 shows the school being conducted by E.M. Pearce;
The "Paramatta Orangery" is mentioned in the Observer,
Parakylia - Parkside
The name was adopted from pastoral lease no. 232 taken up by William Sharples in 1852 - Aboriginal for 'middle'.
The Register of
A meeting of the Parara Mining and Smelting Company is in the Register,
The mine is described in the Register,
Parakylia - Parkside
An Aboriginal word given to a property held by Messrs Dare and Mundy circa 1858 (lease no. 1892).
A thunderstorm and hurricane are reported upon in the Express,
An obituary of C.G. Dutton, rabbit inspector, is in the Register,
The Paratoo copper mine stood on section 135, Hundred of Paratoo "two and a half miles from Paratoo Railway siding" - see
Also see South Australia - Mining - Coal.
A gold discovery is reported in the Register,
The run is described in the Register,
"Dust Extraordinary at Paratoo" is in the Register,
The name was taken from a sheep run pioneered by J. White in 1871 (lease no. 2136). Aboriginal for 'three'.
A photograph of a load of wool leaving Parcoola station is in the Chronicle,
Parakylia - Parkside
Aboriginal for 'winding water'.
It is described in the Register,
John Parham (1821-1897), an early settler in the district, who arrived in the Singapore in 1839.
The Register of 27 November 1876, page 6c has a letter from Mr George Baker:
A poem about the port is in the Observer, 18 November 1876, page 14a. The first and last verses read:
I hear them speak of a jetty on land;
I have ne'er looked on a port so rare;
The town is described in the Register,
Parakylia - Parkside
Aboriginal for 'cold place'. The first pastoralist in the immediate vicinity was J.W.D. Dening who took up pastoral lease no. 2290 as from 30 June 1873.
A photograph of an 1893 parliamentary inspection party is in the Observer,
A cricket match against Pinnaroo is reported in the Chronicle,
Its school opened in 1909 and closed in 1945;
The forest reserve is discussed in the Register,
The town is described in the Register,
The opening of the Institute is reported in the Observer,
Photographs of floods are in the Observer,
Biographical details of C. Mueller are in the Register,
A photograph of a football team is in the Chronicle,
Parakylia - Parkside
The name was also given to small mining village three miles south of Kanmantoo and taken from the Paringa Mining Company which took up the land under a special survey in partnership with the South Australian Company; it was an alternative name for 'Saint Ives'.
Also see South Australia - Mining - Coal.
The village near Mount Barker is mentioned in the Register,
Information on the mine is in the Chronicle,
Daniel Michael P. Cudmore (1811-1891), with his wife and son, James Francis Cudmore (1837-1912), arrived in South Australia from Tasmania on 11 October 1837. After being a brewer, maltster and farmer near Modbury he was bequeathed property in Ireland and after selling it used the proceeds to buy more land. By 1858 he had acquired a property called Paringa on the River Murray.
H.C. Talbot contends that the name was taken from that of a large waterhole, when the Murray was low, opposite the original homestead, and means, 'whirlpool'; other sources say it means 'land near or about the river', which is the more acceptable derivation. H.M. Cooper, formerly of the SA Museum, said it meant 'place at the river'.
The opening of the railway is reported in the Register,
The district is described in the Observer,
The school near Renmark opened in 1913 and became "Wonuarra" in 1920 in which year a new Paringa School opened; see
"The Paringa Punt" is in the Register,
An obituary of Wilhelm Stoeckel is in the Register,
A photograph of a new hall is in the Chronicle,
Parakylia - Parkside
Both Mr and Mrs Cudmore died in 1912 and in 1914 Paringa Hall was sold to the Marist Brothers who have transformed it into Sacred Heart College. The old bell now does duty as a summons to school and the gardens have become playing fields for the students.
The opening of Sacred Heart College is reported in the Express,
Parakylia - Parkside
On 21 November 1859 Robert Paris registered the purchase of section 3339, Hundred of Kondoparinga. The creek running through it bears his name.
Contrary to records in the Education Department Parliamentary Paper 26/1875 shows the school being conducted by Louisa Robinson with 39 enrolled pupils.
A photograph of tobacco growing on Mr W.A. Gordon's property is in the Chronicle,
Parakylia - Parkside
Parakylia - Parkside
William Parkin (1801-1889) MLC (1866-1877) who founded the 'Parkin Trust' in collaboration with the Congregational Church.
Also see South Australia - Politics.
Biographical details of William Parkin are in the Register,
A humorous poem on his parliamentary performance is in the Register,
"The Parkin Trust in Operation" is in the Observer,
(Taken from Geoffrey H Manning's A Colonial Experience)
Adelaide is famed today for its beautiful and health-giving Park Lands, but they were not retained without an effort on the part of many pioneers. To Colonel Light must be given the credit of planning such fine reserves, but Governors Hindmarsh and Gawler were the men responsible for saving them for posterity.
Adelaide's Park Lands were included in the survey made by Colonel Light in 1837. Few people saw the wisdom of the move and for some time the first settlers dumped their huts on the reserves. Government House, then but a hut, was on portion of the Park Lands near where the present vice-regal residence is situated.
Objection was taken by many to the setting aside of such a large area. But those with greater foresight approved the action and, on 1 January 1838, it was ordered that no building could be erected on these lands without the governor's permission. On 14 May 1838 a further notice was given that those occupying buildings on the Park Lands had to remove same within two months.
Permission was also refused for any building to be erected on any account and that no works were to be conducted thereon. This notice did not apply to the buildings for immigrants at 'Buffalo Row', which I have described elsewhere. Governor Hindmarsh was strongly opposed because of his action, but he replied that the habitations on these lands had defaced and despoiled the appearance of the reserve. The insinuation was made that as he had acquired some country sections he was trying to drive poor people away from the city to purchase his rural holdings.
As far back as 1 September 1838 there were complaints about the continued and systematic destruction of ornamental trees in the parklands and a relentless fight was waged by an early newspaper editor to see that this practice was stopped. Wisely, the governor agreed with this course and on 15 September 1838 it was ordered that trees were not to be cut down. It was also decreed that no brick making or lime burning was to take place there, a step which was met with some opposition at first.
Up until August 1838 people were still living on the Park Lands but an order on the 17th of that month prohibited such intrusions. Several residents petitioned against this edict but the governor said that, 'He must not sacrifice public duty to the convenience of individuals possessed of ample means of support.' Accordingly, he allowed wealthy people or those in comfortable circumstances, thirty days to remove their goods and chattels, while others were compelled to leave by 30 June 1839.
When Governor Gawler took office he was authorised to purchase the 2,300 acres of Park Lands and this he did on a promissory note for £2,300. On 25 September 1838 it was learned that this note had not been redeemed and the point was raised that the purchase had been only a mock transaction. However, although there was much discussion, the purchase stood.
Another manner in which they were 'tied up' for citizens was by reserving them under the Waste Lands Act, a quite legal proceeding. Since those early times improvements have been made in all directions, which are now recognised by all as one of the greatest assets of the city. Football, cricket, tennis, golf and many other sports are played on them and their presence gives a picturesqueness to the city which might well be lacking but for the determined attitudes of our first governors and other prominent pioneers.
As for the spoliation of the Park Lands, an Act of 1849 permitted the government to take 312 acres, this being practically the lands to the north of the city; 60 acres were taken for the cemetery and 8 acres for other purposes. In 1861 a Consolidating Act was passed and governed the municipality until the passing of the Municipal Corporations Act of 1880.
Under the Act of 1861 the boundaries of the city were made the exterior limits of the Park Lands, and the council, which took control, was given power to construct dams and reservoirs, form walks and carriage drives and carry out such measures as would adapt the Park Lands to the recreative uses of the public. In the Act of 1890, the government reserves appear to have been increased.
The Park Lands, as laid out originally, comprised 2,300 acres and of this area 312 acres are utilised for the purposes of the University, Art Gallery, Museum, etc.; virtually all the Park Lands' frontage to North Terrace. The process of spoliation was completed by taking 71 acres for the railway between North Terrace and the river.2
It may be fairly claimed that the Park Lands are the nursery of metropolitan sports in all seasons. At 1 July 1906 there were no fewer than 212 athletic clubs with permits to hold their games on these reserves. The division was as follows: Cricket clubs, 122; football 42; hockey, 17; tennis, 21; lacrosse, 7; polo, 1; golf, 2. The total licence income for the preceding year was £3,549 and the expenditure £4,098. In respect of the 'Royal and Ancient' game a non-devotee proclaimed:
In 1897 a controversy arose when a bowling green and a crematorium were proposed to be built on the Park Lands and these two extremes of lively recreation and of gruesome associations were the subject of lively debate both within and without our civic chambers. As to the former, the desire to enlarge the scope of the existing regulations in order to admit of the Adelaide Oval being used for general recreation purposes needed little advocacy, but the Editor of the Register, an apparent self-proclaimed non-adherent to the infant game within South Australia, opined:
Allow me to take you, the reader, back to 1870 and tell of the abuses perpetrated in respect of the Park Lands over the preceding decades. At the outset, in consequence of the neglect of both government and the people, a great portion of the beautiful timber and shrubs growing upon them had been cut down and used as firewood, whilst the majority of the reeds, tea-tree and scrub growing along the banks of the Torrens had been demolished, without the slightest effort to preserve it.
The next abuse was the appropriation, at different times, by both the government and corporation and about 300 acres had been purloined - I will begin with the first that was taken, namely, a block of land at the foot of North Adelaide Hill, formerly known as the old Government Iron Stores, on which stood a cottage with a nice piece of land, fenced in; next, the paddock on the southern side of the river from the Hindmarsh Bridge, along the Thebarton Road and up to the old slaughter house, which paddock had been used as a farm for several years.
Then came a cottage near the sheep slaughter house; then the slaughter houses, with all their yards attached; then the gaol, with its wheat paddock, gardens and plantations; then the Telegraph Observatory and the Flagstaff on West Terrace. I would then mention the railway yards and station from the bridge over the line opposite the Black Swan Hotel to Parliament House; the old Governor's garden on the banks of the river, the City Baths, Government Printing Office and Parliament House; the showgrounds, with its buildings and yards, the Hospital and Lunatic Asylum and the large Police Paddock at the back of the Botanic Garden.
Add to those the old Botanic Garden on the northern side of the river, the waterworks' yards opposite the Lunatic Asylum and the cattle market on North Terrace on North Terrace. Thus it can be seen that the majority of the frontage of North Terrace had been stolen from the citizens.
At the foundation of the city the Park Lands were established as a rich inheritance for countless thousands of people through all generations - What a thing of beauty for the admiration of all observers! Much has been done to hinder this, but many of us, I hope most of us, now realise the true position and say: 'This must cease. Get back to the original intention and stay there, not one inch further will we go.'
Indulge in sports, of course, but be manly and vigorous about it. There is a lot of 'sentiment and thoughtless good-heartedness in the desire to get a bit of land for one's association. We should sweep it away from now on, and be loyal citizens first and good sportsmen directly afterwards. Let us become united, at least in this, in a determination to in every legal manner possible to resist all future encroachments, lest in the end it be said, reproachfully: 'What fools those people were. The whittling is over, fling away the chips.'
"Parklands and Government Reserves" at the time of the first survey is the subject of comment by G.S. Kingston in the Advertiser,
"How Parklands Were Saved" is in the Advertiser,
The destruction of trees is discussed in the Register,
Shooting in the Parklands is reported in the Register,
"Cottagers on the Park Lands" is in the Observer,
Public buildings on the parklands are described in the Register,
"Coal on the Park Lands" is in the Observer,
Editorials, etc, appear in the Register,
"Parks and Markets" is in the Farm & Garden,
A report of rifle butts is in the Register,
"The Parklands and the City Poor" is in the Advertiser,
"Cow-Keeping" is discussed in the Register,
For a legal opinion on the rights of the SA Government to alienate the Parklands, see Register,
"Sticking-up" is discussed in the Observer,
A daring case of highway robbery, by a gentleman calling himself Captain Thunderbolt, in the vicinity of the North Parklands is reported in the Register, 8 September 1866, page 2d when it was said, inter alia:
A proposal to plant olive trees is in the Register,
An editorial on barrack accommodation for the 50th Regiment on the North Parklands is in the Register,
"What Can be Done With the Park Lands?" is in the Advertiser,
"A Scene in the Park Lands" is in the Observer,
"Invasions of the Park Lands" is in the Chronicle,
A letter re encroachment upon the Parklands is in the Observer,
An editorial "The City Parks and Squares" is in the Register,
The Register of
In 1880 sporting bodies commenced a push for the Parklands to be made available for sporting activity - see
Also see South Australia - Sport - Archery.
"Oval on the South Park Lands" is in the Express,
"The Outrage on the Park Lands" is in the Register,
"The Parks for the People" is in the Register,
"Horses in the Park Lands" is in the Express,
An editorial headed "The City Fathers and the People's Parks" is in the Register, 3 August 1897, page 4e:
"Our Park Lands" is in the Advertiser,
"Adelaide's Playgrounds" is in the Register,
For further comment on proposed alienation of the Parklands see Register,
"The Lungs of the City" is in the Register,
"Trees in the City Park Lands" is in the Observer,
"Preserve the Parklands - A League Formed" is in the Advertiser,
"The People's Parks" is in the Register,
A supposed "gallows" tree situated between the River Torrens and the Adelaide Oval is discussed in the Observer,
A comment on Sunday sport on the parklands is made in the Register, 4 May 1905, page 3b:
"Should the Park Lands be Planted? - A Note of Warning" is in the Advertiser,
"Protest Against Eminent Domain Bill" is in the Register,
"The Nursery of Sports" is in the Register,
"Another Attack on the Park Lands" is in the Register,
The Register of 1 February 1910 at page 5a reports on:
"Federal Buildings on Park Lands" is in the Register,
"Depasturing on Park Lands - Rights of District Councils" is in the Advertiser,
"The People's Inheritance" is in the Register,
"Filching the Park Lands - Mr A.T. Saunders on the Warpath" is in The Mail,
The approval for the establishment of a Deer Park is reported in the Register,
"Government House and People's Parks" is in the Register,
"Stealing the Parklands" is in the Register,
"The Park Lands - A Pioneer's Warnings" is in the Observer,
An editorial headed "The Park Lands" is in the Register,
"Pawning the Park Lands" is in the Register,
"Park Lands Wanted - For Tennis and Tramway" is in the Register,
"The People's Parks - Big Areas Gone" is in the Advertiser,
"A People's Inheritance" is in the Register,
"Polls for Athletic Areas" is in the Observer,
"Recreation on Park Lands" is in the Register,
"The Horse Killer" is in the Register,
"Naturalists Make Inspection" is in The News,
"Derelicts Sleep Out" is in The Mail,
"Parkland Pastures - Substantial Revenue Derived" is in The Mail,
"Hands Off the Parks - Parade Ground Again" is in the Register,
A proposal to remove the Parade Ground is reported in the Advertiser,
Historical information and newspaper references are in the Register,
Information on a "Wattle Grove" is in the Register,
"Preserving the Parklands" is in the Advertiser,
"Make More Use of the Parklands" is in The News,
"Our Parklands - In Years to Come" is in The News,
"Saturday Afternoons in the Parklands" is in the Advertiser,
15 September 1868, page 2g,
Express,
2 September 1870, page 2b.
The Register of
3 May 1870, page 3e describes at length a rock boring apparatus at the mine.
13 October 1877, page 2f (supp.).
2 September 1899, page 11a.
Its history and reopening is reported in the Register on
15 October 1900, page 6f; also see
Chronicle,
20 October 1900, page 37a.
Photographs, etc., are in The Critic,
21 March 1903, page 21.
it opened in 1871 and was listed as such until 1876;
also see Advertiser,
14 July 1874, page 3d.
4 September 1875, page 9b and
Mr James Bray's "Parramatta" (sic) garden near the Gawler River in the Register,
13 March 1896, page 3e.
Also see South Australia - Industries - Rural, Primary and Secondary - Fruit and Vegetables.
P
Place NamesParara
Nomenclature
General Notes
2 January 1858 at page 3g has a report of a bushfire on "Messrs Bowman and Hartnell's station, Parara..."
Also see South Australia - Natural Disasters - Bushfires
Details of the pastoral lease on Yorke Peninsula are in the obituary of Parker Bowman; see Register, 16 October 1911, page 6h,
Observer,
21 October 1911, page 41a.
An obituary of Mrs Mary A. Bowman is in the Observer,
14 July 1923, page 35b.
29 May 1869, page 3a.
A subsequent copper discovery there is reported upon and discussed in The Irish Harp,
11 October 1872, page 5c,
Register,
7, 16 and 26 October 1872, pages 6c, 5a and 5c.
Also see South Australia - Mining - Copper.
19 March 1874, page 5e,
while its winding-up is reported in the Observer of
12 April 1879, page 7f - it was situated "on a small rise about 2 miles NW of Ardrossan" - see
Records of the Mines of South Australia (fourth edition),
page 111; also see
Chronicle,
20 April 1907, page 43c.This mine is situated a short distance from the beaten track between Clinton and Parara at the head of a small gully surrounded on three sides by mallee scrub. There are six cottages, besides the smith's shop and Captain Tregoweth's residence. The number of men in employ of the company is twenty...
Details of the pastoral lease on Yorke Peninsula are in the obituary of Parker Bowman;
see Observer, 21 October 1911, page 41a.
P
Place NamesParatoo
Nomenclature
General Notes
12 November 1883, page 3e,
the run is described in the Observer,
20 September 1884, page 9e.
15 July 1887, page 5a,
of Christopher Wade on
3 september 1900, page 5a.
Record of the Mines of South Australia (fourth edition), page 113.
10 April 1894, page 7h.
26 August 1884, page 6b,
8 July 1890, page 6b.
A sketch is in the Pictorial Australian in
December 1875.
23 March 1900, page 5b.The most wonderful thing in dusts I have ever witnessed ... occurred here last Monday afternoon. A north wind blowing all day kept up a steady dust which at half past five pm rose in an impenetrable cloud of varied hues. This gradually excluded the sun, more intense than the blackest night, for twenty minutes. The darkness was succeeded by a blood-red hue which faded to pink and then to silver and ultimately daylight reappeared to the relief of all who happened to be out in it. The layers of dust deposited on roofs were as thick as to render water in underground tanks undesirable, the dust having been washed into the tanks by a light rain that followed.
Parakylia -Parkside
P
Place NamesParcoola, Hundred of
Nomenclature
General Notes
5 April 1924, page 37.
P
Place NamesPareora Estate
Nomenclature
General Notes
14 January 1904, page 6f,
15 September 1910, page 11d; also see
Observer,
29 October 1910, page 13e.About three miles to the east of Port Wakefield Mr A.G. Gebhardt owns a fine property adjacent to the railway line where he engages in sheep breeding and farming in its various branches. There is an area of about 10,000 acres in this selection... Much money has been spent on the property which originally formed part of Werocata Estate...
Parakylia - Parkside
P
Place NamesParham
Nomenclature
General Notes
I have not known a port by that name for more than eight or nine months... but I have known a place at the very identical spot called Dublin Shipping Place. I was the first person that shipped a bag of wheat there in 1870 or 1871...
Information on a proposed jetty is in the Express,
7 October 1876, page 2b,
Register,
10 October 1876, page 6b,
14 November 1876, page 5e,
Observer,
14 October 1876, page 11c.
Information on Edward Parham is in the Register,
10 September 1885, page 3e.
An obituary of John Parham's wife is in the Register, The Unknown Port
They call it Port Parham I understand;
Colton, Oh where on Australia's shore,
Lieth that port never heard of before?
Is it where the Murray so deep and wide
In a line of foam meets the ocean tide?
-- Not there, not there, friend Blyth.
Neither schooner nor cutter can enter there;
Not a curve can be seen in the long straight beach,
And miles to seaward the sandflats reach;
Beyond Port Gawler where Cowan hath sway,
' Twixt high and low tide, snug and out of the way
-- Is it there, is it there, friend Blyth?
28 October 1909, page 5d,
Observer,
30 October 1909, page 40a,
6 November 1909, page 32 (photo.).
8 January 1904, page 6d and
the port on
23 October 1909, page 15d:
There are no attributes of a port about Parham. It is not worth its place on the littoral map. One has to walk out three miles to get into five feet of water, yet 70,000 bags of wheat were put upon ketches... last year...
The reminiscences of E.C. Lindsay are in the Advertiser,
19 August 1936, page 25a.
P
Place NamesParilla
Nomenclature
General Notes
17 July 1915, page 29.
13 January 1906, page 16e.
Also see South Australia - Sport - Cricket - Miscellany.
Parilla North School operated from 1921 until 1945 and
Parilla Well School opened in 1915 and closed in 1943;
also see Express,
14 February 1911, page 1g,
Observer,
30 September 1911, page 17a,
4 October 1913, page 17b.
A photograph of pupils is in the Chronicle,
14 November 1914, page 28.
30 January 1909, page 7a,
Express,
14 July 1909, page 1g.The Parilla Forest reserve was started as an experiment in 1908 when four acres were prepared and planted in October... The total number of trees planted was 1,950...
Also see South Australia - Industries - Rural, Primary and Secondary - Forestry.
21 December 1911, page 3f,
Observer,
30 December 1911, page 16a.
Photographs are in The Critic,
22 March 1911, page 18,
5 April 1911, page 16.
10 February 1912, page 54c,
of a new hall on
26 April 1913, page 17d.
11 October 1913, page 30.
Also see South Australia - Natural Disasters - floods.
21 May 1915, page 7e.
4 November 1937, page 33.
P
Place NamesParinga
Nomenclature
General Notes
22 March 1851, page 2d in respect of a lecture held in the public school room.
12 February 1870, page 5b;
for information on new equipment installed at the mine see Register,
16 March 1870 (supp.), page 4f and
6 May 1870, page 5d.
A photograph is in the Chronicle,
20 November 1909, page 30.This extensive [mining] property comprises 137 acres and was formerly worked by the Britannia Company... At the former workings by Captain Cornelius 700 tons averaging 22 per cent was shipped to England, but on account of the high cost of land carriage and rate of freight, combined with the want of local smelting, all ores under 16 per cent were deemed worthless, which with more modern appliances will now be turned to good account... The present company has been organised by Mr Alfred Hallett and Captain Richard Barker - the former gentleman acting as manager and the latter as resident agent...
Parakylia - Parkside
P
Place NamesParinga(2)
Nomenclature
General Notes
1 October 1913, page 11h;
a photograph of an accident is in the Observer,
6 June 1914, page 30.
"A Much-Needed Bridge" is in the Observer,
2 December 1922, page 53d,
6 October 1923, page 13e,
Advertiser,
19 and 28 January 1927, pages 12g and 14a.
Photographs are in the Observer,
22 January 1927, page 34,
12 February 1927, page 32.
Also see South Australia - Transport - Railways - Miscellany.
4 September 1909, page 51b.
Chronicle,
25 June 1927, page 49;
photographs are in the Chronicle,
10 October 1929, page 37.
15 and 20 January 1920, pages 6f and 5e,
Observer,
17 January 1920, page 29e,
4 February 1922, page 7a.
Photographs are in the Chronicle,
13 June 1914, pages 31-32,
13 October 1923, page 35,
Observer,
23 July 1921, page 25.
26 November 1926, page 10h.
3 October 1929, page 38,
of the bridge on
20 June 1935, page 38.
P
Place NamesParinga(3)
In respect of the subdivision at Port Noarlunga (see under "Noarlunga" in Manning's Place Names of South Australia) the Register of 6 September 1923 at page 8e has relevant information on the change of name to Port Noarlunga South.
When the Chief Secretary... moved in the Legislative Council... that the names of Paringa and Port Onkaparinga in the Hundred of Willunga, be altered to Port Noarlunga South, a little excitement was caused... Mr Gordon pointed out that if Port Noarlunga became an important shipping seaport in the future it would be confusing to ship masters. (Voices - "it's only a shipping port").... The motion was eventually carried.
Parakylia - Parkside
P
Place NamesParinga Park
Historical information on Paringa Hall is in The Mail,
15 December 1928, page 14d.
The land, comprising 11 acres, was bought by Mr James Francis Cudmore and building operations began in 1880. The work, however, took two years and it was not until 1882 that the family lived there. The house of 30 rooms was renowned for its woodwork and beautiful fittings. The stained glass windows at the entrance hall depicted the Cudmore coat of arms. Entertaining was run on a lavish scale... Many of the rooms had walls of embossed oak leaves and the Marshall wood statuary, the wonderful pictures and china, and rare old silver kept connoisseurs in a state of rapture... The clock at the stables at Paringa kept the correct time for South Australia and a large bell, which hung in a belfry outside, summoned the men on the place to meals and also did duty for a timepiece...
An obituary of J.F. Cudmore is in the Register, 19 August 1912, page 6h.
15 March 1915, page 4e;
photographs are in the Chronicle,
1 June 1933, page 37.
P
Place NamesParis Creek
Nomenclature
General Notes
17 May 1924, page 38.
Also see South Australia - Industries - Rural, Primary and Secondary - Tobacco.
P
Place Names
This school opened in 1910 and closed in 1922 when Torrens Vale School opened.
Parkfield
P
Place NamesParkin
Nomenclature
General Notes
4 November 1862, page 2e,
Observer,
10 September 1881, page 35b,
an obituary on,
1 June 1889, page 29a,
Register,
1 June 1889, page 5a.
10 January 1871, page 5e; also see
10 January 1871, page 7b under "Mr Parkin and the Price of Copper".
24 April 1909, page 42e,
18 December 1909, page 37e.
"He was widely and affectionately known for his philanthropy." One who knew him well applied that appropriate description to Mr William Parkin whose benefactions are said to amounted to over £40,000... As the founder of the Parkin Trust he will probably never be forgotten...
Parakylia - Parkside
P
Place NamesParklands
How the Parklands Were Saved
The loose behaviour of hundreds of couples lying about in all directions, especially on the evening of a holiday or Saturday or Sunday, is not an edifying spectacle... It is often asked 'Why don't the men marry?' A look around our parks... will give a complete reply.
(Register, 1 February 1910, page 5.)Sport and the Park Lands
I live in North Adelaide and walking across the north Park Lands recently a missile came whizzing close to my head and directly afterwards a raucous voice yelled out 'Fore!' I turned around and said, 'What the devil do you mean?' It was a wretched golfer, if you please... It is a barbarous game which ought to be restricted to the wilds of some desert... I really don?t know what the city is coming to.
A Controversy Within the Corporation
Why so many players of mature years should be so passionately devoted to the game of bowls in other cities it would be difficult to say. It cannot be by reason of their superior capacity for keeping their tempers; and yet some enthusiastic lovers of the sport aver that it affords an excellent training in that direction. An old English proverb declares that 'He that plays bowls must expect a rub.' Keen contests will, no doubt, take place as soon as two or three clubs have been started...
As to the proposed crematorium and cremation, generally, it was said:
Notwithstanding all that has been uttered, and a great deal more that might be urged in favour of the general principles of cremation as a part of funeral reform, we fail to see how any good can be served by endeavouring to locate [it] in the vicinity of populated districts.... The 'lungs' of the metropolis will be dangerously congested.
Some Personal Reflections
It would appear that the skimmings of the slums from the old country are being poured upon us and safety of either person or property is fast becoming a reminiscence... Our beautiful Park Lands are the haunts of blackguardism; our pretty river banks conceal obscenity; the habit of idleness grows rank by indulgence... Why do not the citizens organise for self-protection a city and suburban guard... Where are our rifle volunteers? Shall our women be befouled and degraded on our suburban roads and Park Lands while they sulk and their rifles rust?
The idea of Park Lands being laid out around the city is a most beautiful one and after 60-odd years I never walk through them without hallowing the memory of the gallant Colonel Light who, I believe, was primarily responsible for their creation. His intention, of course, was that they should be for the exclusive benefit of the citizens and that there should be no power to rob them of such right - With that understanding and on those terms were the town acres offered for sale and bought.
(Register, 2 December 1884, page 7.)Conclusion
'Hands off the People's Parks'. The lungs of the expanding metropolis cannot, in the interest particularly of the poorer citizen, be judiciously circumscribed, even by means which are lawful in themselves, and the idea of encroaching upon them by mere force should be indignantly resented.
As to the future, one does not know the conditions as to present holdings, but the corporation might direct that all existing lessees (except clubs under Act of Parliament) be distinctly and officially informed that these provisions apply: They are tenants at will; no locked gates, citizens must have free access at any time; no charge for admission; also that any intended request must be advertised by the applicant, the corporation undertaking to consider the request and any objections at the same time; citizens still to have the right of demanding a poll. Acts of Parliament should be examined carefully and if necessary amended in the people's interests.
(Register, 11 October 1900, page 4.)General Notes
12 November 1877, page 6e.
20 May 1925, page 9a,
The Mail,
31 March 1928, page 3a.
30 June 1838, page 3c; also see
13 October 1838, page 4d,
15 August 1840, page 5b,
3 and 28 February 1844, pages 3c and 2d,
20 March 1844, page 2d,
24 April 1844, page 2e.
"Parklands and the Natives" appears on
6 February 1841, page 2d.
2 March 1844, page 3b; also see
27 May 1846, page 2a,
15 August 1849, page 4a.
"Parkland Nuisances" is discussed on
7 January 1850, page 2d and
their denudation on
13 July 1853, page 2f,
27 April 1854, page 3g.The City Commissioners some time ago appointed certain places on the Park Lands as receptacles for rubbish which had previously been allowed to accumulate in the closer part of the city, greatly to the discomfort of the of inhabitants. At one of these, westward of the Cemetery, we have observed growing up a nuisance utterly intolerable, and to which we beg the prompt attention of the authorities. The spot is indicated by a board, announcing that "Stable manure and dry rubbish may be shot here." Passing one day unluckily to leeward, our nose was greeted by an effluvium by no means to be accounted for either by "stable manure" nor yet "dry rubbish; and directed by a swarm of flies. almost obscuring the sun as they rose, we easily traced both them and the scent to the body of dead horse...
An Aboriginal corroboree is reported in the Adelaide Times on 18 December 1848, page 4b:
[It] turned out, however, to be mere trifle. Three small parties of blacks skipped about in the moonlight, hemmed in closely by dense masses of whites of both sexes; while the dust they kicked up, and the rich exhalations from their perspiring limbs, formed the only part of the enjoyment of which the eager spectators outside the 'sacred circle' could partake...
"The Charge for Depasturing on the Park Lands" is in the Observer,
25 December 1852, page 6b.
12 November 1853.
8 March 1855, page 3d,
1 December 1860, page 2h.
Encroachment upon them on
14 June 1855, page 3e.
An exhibition of rocket-practice appears on
8 September 1860, page 2h.
30 October 1858, page 6h.
Also see Place Names - Medindie and Place Names - Nailsworth.
3 July 1856, page 2g,
13 August 1856, page 2b,
19 September 1856, page 2e,
8 July 1857, page 2d and
19 March 1858, page 2g; also see
Register,
3 July 1858, page 3d,
20 July 1858, page 3e,
22 April 1859, page 3d,
22 July 1859, page 3b,
15 October 1859, page 3c,
23 November 1859, page 2g,
23 December 1859, page 2g.
8 March 1860, page 150. Also see Adelaide - Markets
and Register,
18 July 1861, page 2e and
26 July 1866, page 3a,
Chronicle,
16 January 1869, page 8e,
Register,
3 June 1870, page 5d,
11 February 1871, page 6a,
18 and 19 September 1871, pages 5f and 3f,
9 May 1874, page 6b,
6, 7 and 8 August 1874, pages 7c, 7a-b and 7a-c,
27 and 29 October 1874, pages 5a and 4g-6g,
29 January 1875, page 7a,
22 and 23 December 1875, pages 4g-6c and 5f.
For a comprehensive report on "Their Use, Abuse and Improvement" see Register,
6 July 1870, page 6b.
22 November 1859, page 2g,
21 May 1861, page 3e,
Observer,
26 November 1859, page 6h,
Register,
9 April 1861, page 2g,
Observer,
30 March 1861, page 4e,
13 April 1861, page 6f,
24 August 1861, page 8d,
Advertiser,
15 October 1861, page 2e;
their removal is reported in the Register on
7 June 1877, page 5d; also see
6 September 1877, page 5c and
16 February 1878, page 5b.
Sketches are in the SA Figaro,
13 June 1877, pages 3-4.
Also see South Australia - Sport - Rifle Shooting.
2 December 1863, page 2g:
It is quite time the citizens settled once and for all the purposes for which the much-coveted Park Lands should be used...
"Leasing the Parklands" is in the Advertiser,
22 February 1864, page 3a,
Observer,
19 November 1864, page 4g (supp.).
2, 15 and 25 August 1864, pages 3d, 3g and 3a.
18 July 1865, page 3d and
27 June 1879, page 5a.
Comprehensive dissertations on this subject and the various Reserves appear on
12 November 1877, pages 4d and 6f; also see
10 July 1878 (supp.), page 2e,
24 September 1878 (supp.), page 2c,
Advertiser,
1 May 1878, pages 4f-7c,
21 and 27 April 1880, pages 4d and 7d; also see
Register,
10 August 1885, page 6f,
4 June 1889, pages 4g-5a,
11 October 1900, page 4c.
24 February 1866, page 7e.
Richard Dawes, carpenter of Prospect Village, returning home... was... attacked by Captain Thunderbolt... Mr Dawes [handed] him his purse, but on inspecting it [found] some few silver coins of little value; [Captain Thunderbolt said], "Oh! I see you're a poor man like myself and I don't want to injure you..."
The said Captain continued his deprivations in the Payneham and Stepney area until the long arm of the law ensnared him - for some entertaining reading see
20 and 27 October 1866, pages 2d and
7 and 30 November 1866, pages 2d.
Also see the Express,
28 March 1866, page 2c,
Register,
13 August 1921, page 11a.
1 June 1867, page 3b; also see
Observer,
13 June 1868, page 9c,
10 June 1871, page 13e.
"Olives in the Parklands" is in the Register,
6 June 1871, page 5d; also see
10 September 1883, page 6c.
Also see South Australia - Industries - Rural, Primary and Secondary - Olives.
23 January 1868, page 2e.
Also see South Australia - Defence of the Colony.
5 January 1869, page 2f.
12 December 1874, page 3c.
4 May 1878, page 4e.
24 August 1878, page 23d; also see
Register,
24 and 27 August 1878, pages 2c (supp.) and 6a,
7 and 9 September 1878, pages 4c and 4d-6d,
23 and 29 August 1900, pages 3h and 6h.
15 May 1878, page 4d.
27 June 1879 at page 5a talks of the alienation of the parklands -
for later comment see
28 June 1879, pages 4g and 1a-d (supp.),
5, 22, 26 and 29 July 1879, pages 6d, 6e, 6g and 7a; also see
17 February 1880, page 6e,
6 April 1880, page 6d,
25 August 1880, page 4e.
Register,
8, 18 (supp.) and 19 May, pages 4e, 1f and 6e,
5 and 8 June, pages 7a and 6e-2b (supp.); also see
Register,
4 May 1905, page 3b,
Express,
27 February 1906, page 3f.
24 October 1882, pages 2b-3d,
24 January 1894, page 2c,
"The Public Property in the Park Lands" on
27 September 1883, pages 2b-3b; also see
Express,
6 September 1886, pages 2d-3c,
5 September 1888, page 4b.
26 November 1884, page 7a,
11 December 1884, page 4e.
2 October 1885, page 7h.
15 May 1889, page 2b.
One of the duties of the civic authorities is to carefully safeguard the vested rights of the general public in the Park Lands and see that those invaluable open spaces are not gradually "improved" out of existence...
"Despoiling the People's Parks" is in the Register,
11 October 1900, pages 4c-8i.
17 October 1900, page 4d,
"Protect the Park Lands" on
28 September 1901, page 6c.
14 July 1902, page 4g.
Also see Adelaide Entertainment and the Arts - Miscellany - Playgrounds.
13 and 27 October 1902, pages 3g and 2i,
18 November 1902, page 4g.
23 December 1902, page 8b,
29 August 1916, page 4i.
Further information on "alienation" appears on
1, 4, 5 and 7 November 1919, pages 6d-i, 6e, 7f and 9d.
22 January 1903, page 3h.
7 March 1903, page 25b.
20 May 1903, page 6e.
19 and 20 May 1903, pages 4d and 3i; also see
10 and 11 September 1906, pages 4d-f and 6f,
1 February 1907, page 6h,
25 August 1908, page 3f.
Photographs are in the Chronicle,
15 December 1906, page 2 (supp.).
7 and 14 November 1903, pages 24e and 23e.
Last Sunday [the sports meeting] attracted a crowd of not less than 300 persons, with embryo bookmakers here and there shouting the odds... There ought to be no difficulty in nipping the nuisance in the bud...
The desecration of Sundays by the playing of "pitch and toss" is reported in the Register,
(Also see Register, 1 September 1923, page 13c.)
15 August 1905, page 4g,
18 September 1906, page 4e.
Also see South Australia - Religion - Breaking the Sabbath.
22 May 1906, page 9g.
5, 6, 10 and 11 September 1906, pages 4f, 3d, 4d and 11a.
10 July 1906, page 4h,
"Preserve the People's Parks" on
15 and 16 November 1907, pages 4c and 5h; also see
26 and 27 August 1908, pages 9g and 6e.
25, 26 and 27 August 1908, pages 3f, 2g and 6e.
The loose behaviour of hundreds of couples lying about in all directions, especially on the evening of a holiday or Saturday or Sunday, is not an edifying spectacle... It is often asked "Why don't the men marry". A look around our parks... will give a complete reply.
"Preserve the Parklands! - Praise and Criticism" is in the Register,
16 June 1910, pages 5e-6c; also see
27, 28 and 30 September 1910, pages 7d, 6c and 9g,
3 October 1910, page 8f and
Advertiser,
16 and 23 June 1910, pages 10b and 8i,
1 and 22 July 1910, pages 9b and 7h,
9 August 1910, page 6c,
21 and 27 September 1910, pages 10d and 8c-9c.
30 August 1911, page 4f.
9 March 1912, page 7h.
28 October 1912, page 6f.
18 January 1913, page 9a.
27 March 1913, page 8e; also see
5 September 1913, page 11e.
15 October 1913, page 12e,
18 November 1913, page 5c,
"The Park Lands - A Pioneer's Warning" of 1870 on
29 December 1913, page 9b,
"Alleged Immorality - Park Lands by Night" on
21 April 1914, page 7c.
12 December 1913, page 14f.
3 January 1914, page 49a.
17 March 1914, page 6c.
A proposal for a Luna Park is reported on
13 and 15 June 1914, pages 18f and 6c-9e.
16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 and 27 June 1914, pages 6c-h, 8h, 10h, 8c, 15f-18a, 12b, 8c, 6f-8d, 10i, 10d and 14d-i,
Advertiser,
13 July 1914, page 17a.
24 August 1915, page 9f,
8, 10 and 11 September 1915, pages 7b, 6c and 5b,
2 and 5 October 1915, pages 12a and 4c,
"Control of the Parks" on
14 and 29 August 1916, pages 4c and 4i.
31 August 1915, page 7a,
"Encroaching on Public Reserves" on
22 and 23 March 1916, pages 6d-g and 8f,
"No More Alienation" on
27 September 1918, page 7e,
"The Parklands - A Backward Glance" on
5 November 1919, page 11a.
1 November 1919, page 6d-i; also see
5, 6, 7 and 8 November 1919, pages 7f, 3h, 9d and 6e.
8 November 1919, page 14e.
13 September 1921, page 6f.
10 July 1922, page 7d.
11 September 1923, page 5e.
8 August 1925, page 1b.
14 August 1926, page 1e.
15 February 1927, page 13f; also see
Advertiser,
15 February 1927, page 12g,
8 March 1927, page 12h.
28 August 1934, page 8h,
1 December 1934, page 22e,
"Spoiling a Vista" on
7 December 1934, page 24g.
12 December 1927, page 15g.
9 July 1928, page 13d.
10 May 1933, page 14f,
"Playgrounds of Adelaide" on
16 October 1933, page 16e.
26 February 1934, page 4e.
3 September 1934, page 6e.
27 June 1936, page 11c.
