State Library of South Australia
Manning Index of South Australian History
  • South Australia
  • Adelaide
  • Port Adelaide
  • Place Names
  •  

  • About the Index
  • Searching
  • Text-based menus
    (Use this option if your browser will not open the folders.)

    Place Names of South Australia - G

    Granite Island - Guichen Bay

    Granite Island

    Nomenclature

    A descriptive name applied to an island in Encounter Bay.

    General Notes

    Information on Mr Landseer's stores on the island is in the Register,
    9 and 11 May 1878, pages 5b and 6e and
    of a military encampment on
    30 and 31 December 1895, pages 6e and 7c,
    Observer,
    4 January 1896, page 14b.
    Also see South Australia - Defence of the Colony

    "Claim for Granite Island" is in the Register,
    5 December 1884, page 5c.

    A photograph is in the Chronicle,
    13 January 1906, page 29.

    Information on the construction of the breakwater in 1882 is reported in the Register,
    24 January 1910, page 5a.

    Granite Island - Guichen Bay
    G
    Place Names

    Grant Hill

    Information on the late Frederick A. Grant is in the Register,
    4, 5, 6 and 7 January 1922, pages 6h, 6g, 8g and 9d.

    Information on the school is in the Observer, 4 July 1885, page 30c:

    Granite Island - Guichen Bay
    G
    Place Names

    Granville, County of

    Nomenclature

    The second Earl of Granville (1815-1891), Secretary of State for the Colonies.

    General Notes

    Earl Granville's obituary appears in the Register,
    2 April 1891, pages 4g-6c.

    Granite Island - Guichen Bay
    G
    Place Names

    Grassy Flat

    Two memorials in the General Registry Office - Book 29 Folio 313 and Book 85 Folio 398 - show "Robert Norton of Grassy Flat" purchasing section 1111 in February 1851 and selling a small portion, near the northern boundary, in May 1855 for Baptist church purposes - this land lies on the eastern side and adjacent to what is now known as Norton Summit. Mrs Robert Norton (1804-1881), who had been a governess in England, volunteered to start a school at Grassy Flat in the chapel.

    In June 1869 the East Torrens District Council obtained land on the south corner of section 1111 and in September of that year a school house and master's residence were completed. Its name was changed to "Norton Summit" in 1941.
    (Sources - Chronicle,
    3 and 10 June 1937, pages 47c and 48a;
    Parliamentary Papers, 18/1864 (p. 8), 15/1865 (p. 8), 41/1866-67 (p. 10), 13/1867 (p. 9), 19/1868-69 (p. 11), 18/1870-71 (p. 7);
    Certificate of Title, volume 129, folio 168;
    State Records Office, GRG 18/113/82.)

    A contentious report of a meeting about the school is reported in the Register,
    4 February 1868, page 3d.

    The Register of 12 March 1870, at page 5a says "out of 14 applicants for the Mastership of [the school] Mr Thomas Peirce, late of the Barossa Goldfields, has been chosen..."

    Granite Island - Guichen Bay
    G
    Place Names

    Graymore

    Nomenclature

    The land was owned by W.H. Gray; the name was obtained from the surname 'Gray' and 'Frogmore', Mr Gray's home near Fulham.

    General Notes

    A "chat" with W.F. Gray is reported in the Express,
    23 October 1884, page 3g:

    An obituary of W.H. Gray and
    other information is in the Register,
    7 and 19 September 1896, pages 5a-c-6e and 5b.

    An obituary of W.H. Gray and other information is in the Register,
    7 and 19 September 1896, pages 5a-c-6e and 5b.

    Granite Island - Guichen Bay
    G
    Place Names

    Green Hills

    Its school opened in 1933 and closed in 1941.

    Granite Island - Guichen Bay
    G
    Place Names

    Green Patch

    Nomenclature

    A descriptive name given to an area 16 km west of Port Lincoln.

    General Notes

    Its Aboriginal name was "Woolga" - see Register,
    21 April 1883 (supp.), page 2d.

    James Sinclair's station is described in the Register,
    30 October 1883, page 6b; also see
    9 June 1905, page 5h,
    5 October 1906, page 7a.
    Observer,
    20 October 1906, page 47d.
    Photographs of James and Donald Sinclair are in the Observer,
    31 July 1909, page 30.

    James Sinclair's reminiscences appea rin the Register,
    24 September 1918, page 7f.

    Also see Sinclair Gap

    Granite Island - Guichen Bay
    G
    Place Names

    Greenacres

    Nomenclature

    A descriptive name applied to a subdivision of section 488, Hundred of Yatala by the owner, Christoph Samuel Mueller in April 1919.

    General Notes

    A history of section 488 is in the Register,
    10 April 1919, page 5f;
    sale of allotments on
    17 April 1919, page 4c:

    Granite Island - Guichen Bay
    G
    Place Names

    Greenly Island

    Nomenclature

    Named by Matthew Flinders in 1802. Sir Isaac Coffin was engaged to a Miss Greenly, whom he married in 1811 and for two years he assumed the name of Greenly.

    General Notes

    "Marsupial Pioneers", the release of wallabies on the island, is in the Register,
    11 April 1913, page 6f,
    27 May 1913, page 6e.

    Also see South Australia - Flora and Fauna - Marsupials and Mammals.

    Granite Island - Guichen Bay
    G
    Place Names

    Greenock

    Nomenclature

    The Greenock Range appears on an 1839-40 map of South Australia (John Arrowsmith) and local legend has it that it was named by German settlers who moved into the district in 1839. This contention is supported by the fact that there is a 'Mount Gruneck' in Germany. Did the surveyor, who drew up the plan, anglicise the German word which means 'green or verdant corner'?

    There is a 'Greenock' in Scotland and, to further confuse the issue, Lord Greenoch (sic) was a personal friend of Col. Light, who may have named the range in 1837 which was subsequently corrupted to 'Greenock'. This proposition is supported by the fact that Mount Greenoch appears on W. Jacob's survey map of 1840.

    General Notes

    Information on the Greenock Creek Mine is in the South Australian,
    22 June 1849, page 3b.
    Also see South Australia - Mining - Coal.

    The laying of the foundation stone of the Wesleyan Chapel is reported in the Register,
    29 March 1855, page 3c.

    A horse race meeting is reported in the Register,
    13 March 1858, page 3c.
    Also see South Australia - Sport - Horse Racing.

    Information on the Victorville Political Association is in the Chronicle,
    17 September 1859, page 3a,
    25 February 1860, page 4f.
    Also see South Australia - Politics

    Its school opened circa 1861 - information on it appears in the Express,
    11 July 1876, page 2d,
    Observer,
    15 and 22 July 1876, pages 8a and 7f,
    Register,
    4 and 13 April 1877, pages 5f.

    The laying of the foundation stone of the Public School is reported in the Register,
    14 November 1877, page 6d.

    Information on local schools is in the Advertiser,
    12 July 1876, page 6f,
    Observer,
    7 April 1877, page 3g,
    23 August 1913, page 49e.
    A photograph of the school band is in the Observer,
    31 January 1903, page 24.

    A report on the Barossa and Light Agricultural Society Show appears in the Register,
    1 March 1876, page 6e.
    Also see South Australia - Agricultural, Floricultural & Horticultural Shows .

    Local flooding is discussed in the Chronicle,
    31 March 1877, page 6d.
    A photograph of the flooded main street is in the Chronicle,
    22 February 1913, page 32,
    Observer,
    15 March 1913, page 29.
    Also see South Australia - Natural Disasters - Floods.

    Information on the post office is in the Observer,
    8 March 1879, page 7a.
    Also see South Australia - Communications - Mail and Postal.

    "A Day at Greenock" is in the Register, 11 November 1884, page 7c:

    An Oddfellows' picnic is reported in the Chronicle,
    10 January 1885, page 8f and
    a sports day on
    5 January 1895, page 22b,
    9 January 1897, page 11b.

    A boiler explosion at a mill is reported in the Observer,
    16 and 23 February 1889, pages 30c and 30a.
    A photograph of the aftermath of an explosion at the flour mill is in the Chronicle,
    9 December 1905, page 28.
    Also see South Australia - Industries - Rural, Primary and Secondary - Farming - Mills.

    The town is described in Parliamentary Paper 66/1886 and the Register,
    21 November 1903, page 9e.

    The collapse of the Greenock Creek Dam is reported on
    7 March 1898, page 3g:

    Photographs are in the Chronicle,
    13 April 1933, page 36.
    Also see South Australia - Water Conservation.

    The laying of the foundation stone of the Institute is reported in the Register,
    25 January 1905, page 6h;
    on the same day on page 7a are the reminiscences of Mr and Mrs Jaeschke.
    Photographs of the ceremony at the Institute are in the Chronicle,
    4 February 1905, page 25.

    Biographical details of Mr & Mrs J.D. Jaensch are in the Register,
    25 January 1905, page 7a,
    of J.C.E. Jaensch in the Register, 5 June 1906, page 4h,
    Observer, 9 June 1906, page 28e.

    The golden wedding of Mr & Mrs August Nitschke is reported in the Register,
    16 July 1912, page 4g.

    Biographical details of Mrs Rebecca Webb are in the Register,
    30 March 1921, page 6h.>P> A photograph of the aftermath of harvest time in the Observer,
    12 February 1931, page 32.

    Photographs of the reopening of the Gnadenfrei Church are in the Chronicle,
    23 May 1914, page 32.

    Greenock - Obituaries

    An obituary of Charles Radford is in the Register,
    1 October 1900, page 5a,
    of Mrs Mary Clarke on 22 August 1903, page 5a,
    of Christian E. Jaensch on 23 May 1908, page 9d.

    An obituary of L. Schulter is in the Register, 21 December 1891, page 5b,
    of Hugo Seppelt on 2 February 1898, page 5c,
    of Mrs C. Ehrhardt on 3 November 1906, page 7,
    of James Branson on 3 December 1906, page 4i,
    of Mrs K. Rowe on 4 October 1918, page 4g,
    of Mrs Rebecca Webb on 4 March 1919, page 4h,
    of George Tummel on 18 March 1921, page 6i,
    of C.H. March on 14 October 1922, page 8h,
    of Mrs Rebecca Webb on 17 October 1922, page 6g.

    An obituary of J.C. Elix is in the Observer, 30 March 1907, page 37c,
    of Christian E. Jaensch on 30 May 1908, page 40a,
    of Julius Eggers on 19 July 1913, page 39a,
    of Mrs S.P. Anderson on 24 March 1917, page 15a.

    An obituary of P.T. Matthias is in the Register, 14 August 1926, page 13h.

    Granite Island - Guichen Bay
    G
    Place Names

    Greens Plains

    Nomenclature

    On section 18, Hundred of Kadina north-west of Paskeville. John Green, who took up pastoral lease no. 293 in the Hundreds of Kadina and Kulpara from 22 July 1851, having earlier held an occupation licence in 'County Stanley' from 18 February 1847.

    General Notes

    An interesting article on the Plains, including its discovery, is in the Observer,
    12 February 1910, page 45e:

    Also see
    Register,
    27 November 1916, page 4f.
    The reminiscences of an early settler, W. Vowles Brown, appear on
    31 March 1911, page 6e.

    The district's first ploughing match is reported in the Register,
    19 September 1865, page 3f;
    a proposed Show and ploughing match is discussed in the Chronicle,
    9 September 1876, page 11e; also see South Australia - Industries - Rural, Primary and Secondary - Ploughing Matches.
    see a report on the Daly Agricultural Society in the Register,
    27 September 1879, page 6d; also see
    Advertiser,
    15 September 1884, page 6e.
    Also see South Australia - Agricultural, Floricultural & Horticultural Shows.

    The Register of 17 January 1868, page 2g says that "at one time the growing crops suffered much from the inroads of the kangaroo."

    Information on the local pound is in the Register,
    17 August 1868, page 3b.

    "A Trip to Green's Plains" is in the Chronicle,
    25 October 1873, page 3d (supp.).

    Parliamentary Paper 24/1874 shows a school being conducted in a chapel by Shapland Groves with 32 enrolled pupils.

    The Greens Plains East School opened in 1873 and became "Paskeville" in 1886 -
    see Observer,
    17 March 1877, page 12b,
    Chronicle,
    6 October 1877, page 4e;
    the Greens Plains West School opened in 1873 and became "Thrington" in 1942; also see
    Advertiser,
    8 October 1873, page 1c (supp.).
    Register,
    27 November 1916, page 4f.

    A horse race meeting is reported in the Chronicle,
    9 January 1875, page 4c,
    Advertiser,
    4 January 1877, page 6b.
    Also see South Australia - Sport - Horse Racing.

    Information on the water supply is in the Register,
    16 January 1877, page 5e,
    22 March 1877, page 5c.
    Also see South Australia - Water Conservation.

    The district is described in the Express,
    4 October 1877, page 3b.

    The golden wedding of Mr & Mrs A.F. Skipworth is reported in the Register,
    7 and 14 January 1878, pages 5b and 5c.

    A Show and ploughing match is reported in the Observer,
    27 September 1879, page 6b; also see South Australia - Industries - Rural, Primary and Secondary - Ploughing Matches and
    4 September 1880, page 388d;
    Advertiser,
    1 October 1886, page 7c.
    Also see South Australia - Agricultural, Floricultural & Horticultural Shows .

    Alleged ill-treatment of a destitute child under the care of a local farmer is reported in the Register,
    16 July 1884, page 6h.

    A sports day is reported in the Chronicle,
    3 June 1899, page 21b.

    An amusing report on "Mice, Cats and Motor Cars" is in the Advertiser,
    17 August 1904, page 9a.

    "Snakes and Stories" is in the Register,
    22 October 1907, page 6c.
    Also see South Australia - Flora and Fauna - Mice, Snakes and Rats.

    "Storm at Greens Plains" is in the Register,
    25 November 1907, page 4f.

    An account of "The First Snowballing" is reported in the Register,
    22 September 1908, page 9g.

    An outbreak of anthrax is discussed in the Advertiser,
    1 May 1909, page 10g.

    "Motor Bicycle at Green's Plains" is in the Register on
    13 July 1910, page 6e and
    an account of an earthquake on
    22 February 1911, page 6g:

    Also see South Australia - Transport - Motor Cars and Cycles.

    "Daylight Saving at Green's Plains" is in the Register,
    4 January 1917, page 4f,
    Observer,
    6 January 1917, page 32b.
    Also see South Australia - Miscellany - Clocks and Times.

    "Christmas at Green's Plains" is in the Observer,
    1 January 1921, page 44b.
    Also see South Australia - The Colony - Christmas in South Australia.

    A mice plague is described in the Register,
    18 April 1911, page 4d,
    11 March 1922, page 6e.
    Also see South Australia - Flora and Fauna - Mice, Snakes and Rats.

    Reminiscences of early wheat growing are in the Register,
    17 January 1923, page 10h.

    "Yarns From Greens Plains" is in the Register,
    15, 19 and 26 May 1923, pages 12d, 5g and 15d,
    5 and 27 June 1923, pages 14a and 11g,
    16 July 1923, page 12g,
    4, 9, 17 and 30 August 1923, pages 3d, 2g, 4f and 3a,
    11, 15 and 18 September 1923, pages 11d, 9g and 12d,
    1, 11 and 16 October 1923, pages 5h, 8g and 13h,
    15 and 29 November 1923, pages 12h and 12e.

    Greens Plains - Obituaries

    An obituary of Thomas Tait is in the Observer, 1 October 1910, page 39a,
    of Mrs Elizabeth Petherick on 22 February 1913, page 41b.

    An obituary of James Allen is in the Register, 15 August 1911, page 8e.

    Granite Island - Guichen Bay
    G
    Place Names

    Greenwith

    Nomenclature

    The name was applied to an Adelaide suburb in 1977 and recalls the Greenwith Methodist Church built in the district in 1853; see Observer, 5 December 1863, page 5a. The minutes of the first meeting of the Church are held in the Mortlock Library. Thomas Roberts worked at the Greenwith Mine in Cornwall and emigrated in the Sir Charles Forbes in 1839. He bought section 2147, Hundred of Yatala, calling it 'Greenwith Farm'.

    General Notes

    The opening services of the Primitive Methodist Chapel are reported in the Observer, 5 December 1863, page 5a:

    Granite Island - Guichen Bay
    G
    Place Names

    Gregory

    Nomenclature

    When naming the Hundred of Gregory Governor MacDonnell gave no reason for its derivation but it probably honours A.C. Gregory who, in 1858, disproved the 'horseshoe' configuration of Lake Torrens. Lake Gregory, north-west of Lake Blanche, discovered by A.C. Gregory of the Leichhardt relief expedition in 1858. B.H. Babbage claims he named it

    General Notes

    "The South Australian Exploring Expedition" is in the Observer,
    20 June 1857, page 6a.

    An editorial on the explorations of A.C. Gregory is in the Register,
    16 July 1858, page 2f and
    his arrival in Adelaide is in the same newspaper on
    22 July 1858, page 2f,
    Register,
    9 and 12 August 1858, pages 3d and 2c-3a,
    Observer,
    9 November 1918, page 41c:

    B.H. Babbage claims he named Lake Gregory - see Advertiser,
    26 November 1858, page 3c.

    "Lake Gregory and the Hermit Hills" is in the Observer,
    4 February 1860, page 6h.

    Biographical details of Mr Gregory are in the Register,
    1 August 1902, page 6c and
    an obituary on 26 June 1905, page 6e.

    A controversy over the closure of roads in the Hundred is aired in the Register,
    29 October 1877, page 5e.

    The Hundred of Gregory School opened in 1925 and closed in 1946.

    Granite Island - Guichen Bay
    G
    Place Names

    Grey Town

    Its rise and fall is commented upon in the Register,
    19 April 1871, page 5d under the heading "Harbours in the South-East".
    It is described on 3 February 1875, page 6c:

    An amusing poem citing the residents of the town is in the Register,
    25 July 1876, page 5d.

    Grey Town

    In 1845 Captain Emanuel Underwood was the first white settler to examine ?Rivoli Harbour" where, because of the reefs protecting it, he was able to sail about at leisure in a dinghy during a heavy gale, while on the south side he reported that there was fine rising ground covered with grass and dotted with sheaoak ?which forms a beautiful site for a town?. At the same time the editor of the South Australian opined that:

    By 1858 a debate was abroad as to the relative merits, or otherwise, of Rivoli Bay and Guichen Bay and in a speech delivered by James Smith, a former employee of Captain Underwood at Rivoli Bay, at Mount Gambier in respect of the future port for that town he said:

    A body blow to Grey Town was delivered in 1871 when Captain Howard furnished a report to the government stating that the south end of the bay at Grey Town was little better than an open roadstead from which vessels would have to escape or stand a chance of going ashore when heavy gales prevailed from the westward. However, the northern end was described as a perfectly safe anchorage but would only accommodate a limited number of vessels drawing not more than 15 feet. The great question to be answered was how it compared with Lacepede Bay? An advocate of that place was only too happy to oblige with his considered opinion:

    At the time the Mount Gambier to Beachport railway line was opened in 1878, Captain Underwood, informed his fellow citizens, and those in authority in parliament, that:

    In 1872 the schooners Resolute, Kangaroo, William and Freebridge traded regularly between Rivoli Bay and Port Adelaide and, in six months in that year, 700 tons of wattle bark were exported from that port on behalf of Mr F. Bevilaqua who had a crushing plant at Grey Town then comprising a bark mill, the superintendent' residence and workmen's houses. However, this shipment could not, for two years, obtain a ship to take it direct to Britain, every insurance office refusing a policy to a large craft to load at the south end of Rivoli Bay. Eventually he had to send it away in driblets in the "mosquito fleet".

    Indeed, it was even difficult to procure inter-colonial vessels to load there and, in 1874, wheat was lightered by the Gambier Lass from the south end to the brigantine Belle at the north end. The insurance rates for coasters were ruinous, being 15 per cent per annum:

    By February 1875 a couple of small jetties had been constructed at Grey Town and a wheat store built, while a Mr Lane erected an eight-roomed house for which he applied to the local Justice of the Peace for a liquor licence. The remains of a couple of wrecks upon the beach were anything but assuring to masters of vessels who visited the south end of Rivoli Bay.

    To conclude our visitation to Grey Town with a little droll humour - in 1876 a correspondent to the Register under the pseudonym of ?Nauticus? complained on behalf of the residents of Greytown that they had been unjustly accused of being involved in the pillaging of the Wave Queen in 1874 and in reply "Geoffrey Crabthorn" responded:

    "The Administration of His Excellency Governor Grey" is in the Southern Australian,
    9, 12, 16 and 19 January 1844, pages 2a, 2c, 2b and 2a,
    21 and 24 October 1845, pages 2c and 2b.

    "Hurrah for Gov Grey!" is in the Observer,
    5 July 1845, page 4a; also see
    19 July 1845, page 7,
    3 December 1859, page 6e.

    An editorial on Sir George Grey's visit to Adelaide and a biographical sketch by "An Old Colonist" is in the Advertiser,
    14 April 1891, pages 4d and 6d; also see
    Weekly Herald,
    25 November 1899, page 8.

    Lectures on the life and times of the former governor are in the Advertiser,
    12, 19 and 26 July 1905, pages 6h, 6c and 7b.

    Comprehensive biographical details of Sir George Grey are in the Observer,
    26 April 1890, page 33a.

    Gov Grey's obituary is in the Register on 21 September 1898, pages 4c-f-g-7c.

    "The Work of Sir George Grey" is in the Register on
    16 June 1909, page 6d,
    "Centenary of an Empire Builder" on
    13 April 1912, page 13a; also see
    6 January 1925, page 11f and
    Observer,
    17 January 1925, page 49c.

    The Grey Administration

    (Taken from Geoffrey H Manning's A Colonial Experience)

    In 1841 Governor Grey arrived and his predecessor took his departure from these shores carrying with him the respect and esteem of all, not excepting those who had not cared to disguise their disapproval of his remedial economic measures.

    At the commencement of 1842 the colony was characterised by extreme monetary depression, trade of every kind was stagnant, and confidence between man and man nearly destroyed, as evinced by the quantity of property which was sacrificed daily for less than one fourth its value, by such as were compelled with the demands of some grasping creditor.

    Employment was all but impossible to obtain but, of course, this was no novel matter in the early days; good men wandered about seeking employment and finding none. But indomitable perseverance told in the long run and when a family friend felled a tree, in what is now Victoria Square, we all wondered what he would do with it.

    It was a grand old gum tree of solid wood and, as such, easily worked and turned into plumbers' mallets or rolling pins, or in fact anything of that kind; and so it was fabricated into shapes to meet the growing emergencies of the colony and subsistence for our friend by their sale.

    When the demand for rolling pins, etc., slackened he turned to the manufacture of horse water troughs. To do this from a solid lump of gum tree made for hard labour for those unaccustomed to it, but when done by a young man fresh from England the labour was doubly hard. Hundreds of holes to bore with a two-inch auger and then thousands of chops as adze and hatchet cleared the internal wood and made a fair square acceptable for the water.

    Such was the disastrous state of the colony at the time, that nothing short of the indomitable perseverance of the settlers, aided by the kindness and forbearance of British capitalists, could have enabled the colonists to struggle through the difficulties that surrounded them.

    At that time there were 1,700 emigrants, including women and children, out of employment and depending on government for their support, and the population appeared to be reduced to a state of utter despondency. Public meetings were held, at which it was announced that the banks and other commercial bodies had determined to set the example of forbearance.

    Captain Grey came here when the colony was in a state of bankruptcy, public and private; he found the ship among rocks and shoals with a mutinous crew who wanted him to cast anchor, but in spite of them all he steered her into deep water and placed her in a right position to catch a prosperous breeze. His reward was to be baited and badgered, to be threatened by one party, denounced by another who petitioned for his recall.

    Debts to an enormous extent had accumulated and his instructions were to reduce public expenditure to the limits of the revenue. On all hands he was beset by persons clamorous for money; the labourers said they could not live on five shillings a day and threatened personal violence.

    Governor Grey was impervious to all representations from the perturbed colonists and one of them was so incensed he urged the populace to go to Government House, 'Seize the Governor, put a rope around his neck and drag him to the Port.' The governor was lampooned by the press and in April 1843 the SA Register came out with this plea to Queen Victoria:

    Governor Grey's only son was born in March 1841 in Western Australia and died at Government House, Adelaide, on 25 July of the same year. The silent man became even more reserved; he suffered acutely, but sought relief where strong natures rarely fail to find it.

    Following his death his papers revealed a stray sheet initialled 'GG' at the end of a few lines, containing a reflection on this particular experience:

    When, in later years, the great pro-consul revisited South Australia, he refused all public functions until he had visited his child's grave.

    The years 1842 and 1843 were distinguished by wholesome retrenchments in colonial expenditure and matter of fact measures of finance in Cabinet; a firm and dogged application to the business of agricultural production on the part of the resident land holders, and a somewhat slow and forced relinquishment of all dependence upon the government's charitable support of the labouring population.

    All the necessaries of life were produced within the colony, our income and expenditure balanced themselves and, being in want of little extraneous assistance, unnecessary imports were discouraged and commercial encouragement was accorded to the growers and exporters of native produce. Slowly, but surely, confidence was again in a great measure restored; the people aroused themselves from their lethargy and healthy economic conditions prevailed.

    By the close of 1843 Adelaide could boast of a Savings Bank, Mechanics? Institute and other establishments for the benefit of its inhabitants, who then numbered 8,000 souls, more than half the population of the colony. By mid-1844, with the economic scene being a little brighter, the South Australian proclaimed:

    By 31 December1844 the population had reached 16,000 of whom 4,300 were tilling the land. In 1840 only 2,500 acres had been broken up, whereas by late 1844 30,000 were under cultivation. In retrospect, it was well for South Australia that the crisis did come, that government works were stopped and people driven to the country. Everybody took, simultaneously, to farming and gardening; flocks and herds increased in number - faster than the consumers of beef and mutton - and the result was a time of almost fabulous cheapness and an extraordinary scarcity of money.

    There was little difference in the actual circumstances of the different classes - some had property and some had none; but property was unsaleable for money, and barter only exchanged one unsaleable article for another. Thus, gradually the financial position of the colony improved by means of the well-directed industry of the settlers.

    Granite Island - Guichen Bay
    G
    Place Names

    Grotegut

    This place near Templers is mentioned in the Chronicle,
    21 May 1864, page 3c and
    Advertiser,
    11 January 1865, page 3a;
    a person of that name is reported in the Express,
    3 August 1864, page 2d:

    Granite Island - Guichen Bay
    G
    Place Names

    Grove Hill

    At Third Creek; it was the name of Messrs Giles and Pascoe's Nursery "about three miles beyond Magill" - see
    Register,
    2 June 1868, page 2h,
    14 October 1878 (supp.), page 2a,
    17 December 1890, page 5g,
    3 June 1893, page 6a,
    Chronicle,
    15 April 1937, page 49d.

    A letter from Charles Giles in respect of an horticultural show is in the Register, 22 March 1856, page 3f:

    Also see South Australia - Agricultural, Floricultural & Horticultural Shows .

    An obituary of Charles Giles is in the Register, 11 February 1887, page 5a,
    Observer, 12 February 1887, page 30a;
    also see 29 August 1925, page 43d, 25 August 1928, page 32c.

    A fire is reported in the Register,
    22 February 1878, pages 5c-1d (supp.).

    "SA Fruit in London" is in the Register,
    6 July 1893, page 5a.
    The export of cherries is discussed in the Register,
    8 February 1894, page 5a.
    Also see South Australia - Industries - Rural, Primary and Secondary - Fruit and Vegatables.

    "A Pioneer Orchardist - Mr Charles Giles Looks Back" is in the Register,
    25 August 1925, page 10d.

    Granite Island - Guichen Bay
    G
    Place Names

    Gruenberg

    Nomenclature

    Grunberg, near Angaston, has a namesake in Silesia, Germany. The word means 'green hill'. The name was changed to 'Karalta' (Aboriginal for 'green') in 1918 and became Gruenberg in April 1975.

    General Notes

    Information on the school is in the Register, 28 October 1872, page 7a:

    Granite Island - Guichen Bay
    G
    Place Names

    Grunthal

    Nomenclature

    A town laid out by Carl A.H. Storch in 1875 on section 3816, Hundred of Onkaparinga. A German word meaning 'green valley'. In 1918, the Nomenclature Committee suggested it be renamed 'Tumbeela', meaning 'evergreen', but Cabinet decided on 'Verdun', a World War I battle- ground.

    General Notes

    An advertisement for a horse race meeting is in the Observer,
    28 January 1854, page 2f.
    Also see South Australia - Sport - Horse Racing.

    A fire at a woollen factory is reported in the Observer,
    21 September 1878, page 21b.

    Information on an athletic club is in the Express,
    31 March 1880, page 2d.
    Also see South Australia - Sport - Athletics and Gymnastics.

    Its school opened in 1882 and became "Verdun" in 1918; closed in 1970.
    See Register, 9 July 1913, page 6f.

    A report in the Register, 26 July 1884 (supp.), page 1e states that the railway station was called "Windermere":

    Mr Sandow's orchard is described in the Register,
    19 January 1903, page 5b.
    Also see South Australia - Industries - Rural, Primary and Secondary - Fruit and Vegetables.

    An obituary of John Beaumont is in the Register,
    27 June 1903, page 5b,
    of Mrs Mary A. James is in the Observer,
    4 December 1909, page 38a,
    of G. Sandow in the Register,
    22 and 30 May 1914, pages 7b and 7b.

    "Grunthal Mine Unwatered" is in the Register, 11 October 1915, page 8f.
    Also see South Australia - Mining - Coal.

    Granite Island - Guichen Bay
    G
    Place Names

    Guichen Bay

    Nomenclature

    Also see Place Names - Robe

    On Freycinet's charts it is B.de Guichen. Admiral de Guichen (1712-1790) of the French Navy who possessed high scientific ability which served him in good stead in action against the English; he had the reputation of an accomplished and high-minded gentleman.

    General Notes

    Also see under Place Names - South-East for an essay on Lower South East Ports.

    The district is described in the Observer,
    27 January 1849, page 2d.

    An interesting letter on the district is recorded in the Register,
    3 July 1860, page 3f
    while a feature article on the same subject appears on
    28 February 1861, page 2h:

    A description of the local Boiling Down Works is in the Register,
    17 February 1868, page 3d; also see
    27 July 1868, page 2h,
    30 October 1868, page 2e,
    Observer,
    13 March 1869, page 9c,
    Register,
    3 April 1869, page 3b and
    4 May 1869, page 3g.
    Also see South Australia Industries - Rural, Primary and Secondary - Boiling Down.

    A report on the new jetty is in the Register,
    26 November 1868, page 2f.

    A report on missing fishermen is in the Observer,
    29 May 1869, page 6a.

    The closure of the Guichen Bay Gaol is reported in the Observer,
    15 January 1870, page 4d.

    A report on a meeting of the Guichen Bay Race Club is in the Observer,
    26 March 1870, page 5d.
    Also see South Australia - Sport - Horse Racing.

    Granite Island - Guichen Bay
    G