South Australia - Immigration

Migrants

Emigrant Ships

Off to South Australia

(Taken from Geoffrey H. Manning's A Colonial Experience)

SA Gazette & Mining Journal

Appropriate arrangements having been made with an agent for the authorities in London, our family departed by coach for that city in August 1838 and found our way to the Emigration Depot. I shall not forget the accommodation, etc., at the depot where we had to stay until the vessel was ready to receive us; miserable lodgings, poor provisions and endless weeping, moaning and lamenting, day and night, among the emigrants, so we were heartily glad to get on board.

I thought the River Thames a foul, dirty hole, smells abominable and the miles of ships' masts bewildering. As we boarded, the ship's decks were strewn with boxes and bundles, while during the afternoon the livestock was hoisted on board. The places allotted to the animals was so small that they could scarcely turn around, and the excrement from them ran over the deck in such a manner that no one could walk there without becoming dirty and breathing unpleasant effluvia.

Our large company of passengers was a motley group, young and old of both sexes, married and single, of all classes and professions, from the agricultural labourer to the independent gentleman, all, for the time, doomed to become sociable, at least so far as living accommodation on an equality, and especially as to food; being so closely associated friendships were formed, perhaps, not in all cases desirable.

There were plenty of amusements and often, to the annoyance of the more sedate passengers, the nights were rendered hideous with songs and choruses. Amidst our many engagements the novelty of our surroundings soon wore off, and as we regained our appetites much of the time was spent in providing for the 'inner man'.

The supply of rations. though abundant, were of a limited character in variety, as preserved meat, milk and vegetables were then unknown. Our diet, for the most part, consisted of salt pork, beef; once a week bouillon and pea soup graced the menu.

In addition, we had regular allowances of flour, salt butter, suet, currants, tea, coffee, cocoa and sugar. Those who were able brought with them additional supplies, such as hams, bacon, cheese, ale and porter.

The origin of the term 'billy can' goes back to those days, for bouillon soup was contained in half-gallon cans and, when emptied and fitted with a handle, were used for the purpose of boiling water, for tea making and a host of other purposes. Thus, in later times, Australian adaptability found no difficulty in transposing 'bouilli[can]' to 'billycan'!

As we got into the Bay of Biscay the wind rose and evidence of bile began to build up among the emigrants. We soon experienced stormy weather and heavy seas broke on board, to our great consternation. One night we were startled by an unusually heavy plunge forward, when a tremendous sea was shipped, which poured in a solid mass down the fore hatch into the married people's quarters flooding some of the lower bunks.

The gale increased and we were driven before it; our ship was like a bird without wings trying to fly. She shivered to the blast and could not mount the waves, while the wind howled in an awful, ominous manner. Amid the consternation the piercing cry of a woman was heard calling out, 'Stop the ship! Stop the Ship!' which caused a roar of laughter and put an end to the fright, for at first it did seem that the ship was going down, head foremost.

The sights, contortions, groans, postures and general aspect of seasickness to which, fortunately, I was not afflicted, was enough to bring a smile into the face of a pig. One sick matron I saw in a semi-unconscious state, stout and rather tall, who could hardly walk, with hair dishevelled and falling over her face in the height of untidiness, dress unfastened and unmentionables bobbing out; dirty shoes, minus stockings and garters. One youngster began to look very queer. She was helped to the quarterdeck where she was dreadfully ill and, eventually, lashed to a hen coop to prevent her from being swept overboard.

The following day was a little calmer, but we still had difficulty partaking of meals. Thin strips of wood were placed down the table to keep the plates and dishes in their places, but notwithstanding this we had to hold our soup and tea (as the case may be) up in the air. Plates and dishes made a sudden rush to one side of the table, as if to make voluntary surrender to the people seated there.

On the tenth day out from London the first death occurred on board - a man aged forty-odd years. The captain had the ship's carpenter make a coffin. Naturally, it was neither painted nor ornamental in any way and was weighed down with lumps of coal. The departed was dressed in his surplice and bands and was laid in the coffin. His wife took her daughters by the hand and led them to where it lay on the foredeck. The mother pressed a silent kiss on his forehead, a flag was hoisted halfmast and another covered the coffin. Sailors then took it up and while it was lowered into the silent deep a cannon was fired.

On Sundays, service was held on all occasions when the weather permitted, the Church of England service being read by the ship's doctor; on one or two occasions a service had to be closed abruptly when a storm broke suddenly upon us. There were also occasions when debates were carried on by some of the better educated passengers, and various games were engaged in; we young people were never at a loss for a game, either mischievous, or otherwise. We also had pleasant games with the young boys and girls of our age.

Our doctor, a quiet, unpretentious gentleman, showed kindness to all and was especially attentive to his patients, but his usual even temper and amiable disposition were sometimes tried sorely by the unreasonable demands and expectations of that class of dissatisfied individual to be found everywhere, namely, the grumblers. Go where you will in Church and State, among the high and the low, the educated and the ignorant, the supposed refined and acknowledged unrefined, these grumblers esteem it their right and privilege to raise their grievances, fancied and quite groundless as a rule.

As usual with most vessels, there was a grand time when we crossed the 'line' and King Neptune boarded us. Great preparations had been made for the event and from what we were told we had some dread of the proceedings. A sail was filled with water and a general drenching match came off. As passengers came on deck they were tumbled into a tub, irrespective of age or sex and if escape was attempted buckets of water were thrown over them. Soon the passengers became indignant, threats and blows followed and when some of the would-be victims declined to appear sailors hauled them up with a bowline. Finally the matter became serious and an immediate order was forthcoming from the Captain for the orgy to cease.

About this time measles made an appearance among the infant children, deaths occurring very frequently and twenty-three children died before the disease subsided. The funerals at sea, so sad and solemn, caused great excitement among us young people, until the proceedings became familiar. On one occasion I climbed into the maintop riggings to get a good view. It was almost sunset and a favourite time to search the great boundary line that hemmed us in.

While sailing through the tropical latitudes the mate complained to the doctor about some of the emigrants helping themselves to tins of soup. A few men who were uncommonly fond of being heard or seen at prayers were brought before the captain and doctor, when the charge of stealing was clearly proven against the man who sang the loudest on Sundays - missing tins were found under his bedding.

The next day the offender was ordered on to the poop where there was a board about six feet long with THOU SHALT NOT STEAL printed in very large letters. He said he would rather be dead than stand on the poop, but he had barely uttered those words when the captain had him by the throat and he was walked to his station. Because of him being very insolent he was put into stocks until sundown.

As we sailed south from the equator the rain fell in torrents and pint mugs, bread tins, buckets and barrels of all descriptions were employed in every part of the ship to catch the rainwater. Men, women and children, in spite of the flashing lightning and roaring thunder revelled in the task. A few passengers, with soap and towel, got into sheltered corners and took natural shower baths. The ducks were let out of their prison boxes and allowed to have a paddle on the deck.

One day, following a most unpalatable lunch of salt beef, my father and I told a sailor of our opinions as to the repast and he replied with a chuckle, 'Perhaps this old sailor's rhyme will help you forget the offensive meal':

Further south in a more temperate zone many passengers kept themselves busy by catching Cape pigeons. These birds were abundant about the Cape of Good Hope and followed ships for many hundreds of miles out to sea, for the offal left in a ship's wake. They are similar to the domestic pigeon excepting that their wings are spotted with white and streaked in black. Their feathers are very compact and abundant and were, therefore, difficult to shoot. They were, however, caught easily with a fishing hook, as they flew close around the ship, seizing everything that came their way. Sailors catch them and often affix a label with the date and name of the ship to their necks following which the were set loose.

On another occasion a passenger killed about nine albatrosses. I felt very sorry to see so much cruelty, for the only use made of them was to make tobacco pouches out of their webbed feet, the bones being taken out and the skin between the claws divided so as to make some form of a bag. Tobacco pipes were made from the leg bones. On another occasion an albatross was killed, skinned and lowered overboard for about eight hours. It was then cut up and put into a pail of water after which it was garnished with sage and onions and baked. The butcher's family said it tasted like goose!

A few days later the ship's cat fell overboard and its loss brought to a sailor's mind a poem believed to have been recited by a condemned sailor to his captain who was averse to cats:

After we had passed 100 days of the voyage, it was supposed we should be at our journey's end and the question arose as to who would be the first to sight land. How cheery was the cry 'Land Ho' early in December 1838 on the 120th day out of London. All passengers dashed up to the upper deck to see the dim outline of Kangaroo Island.

Later in the afternoon the island was clearly visible. I can only describe the sensation of my family by quoting the homely words used by John Winthrop as he and his band of pilgrims neared the coast of America in 1630 - 'And then came the smell of the shore like the smell of a garden.'

As we sailed up Saint Vincent Gulf we had enough to engage our attention. The views of the shore, the Mount Lofty Range, the peculiarities of the wild scenery, all in a state of nature, engaged our attention. No houses or hedges, no people visible, the only sign of civilisation being two or three vessels anchored near the entrance to the Port River. Here we waited for a pilot to take us to Port Adelaide.

General Notes

Young Bingham Hutchinson's diary from 27 November 1837-17 December 1837 is reproduced in the Register,
18 April 1892, page 6c.

"The Emigration Principle" is discussed in the Register,
3 November 1838, page 5d,
"Information to Intending Emigrants" on
20 April 1839, page 3b,
5 October 1839, page 4b,
9 November 1839, page 5c,
14 and 28 May 1842, pages 2c and 3f.

"Wooden Houses - Caution to Emigrants" is in the Register,
21 July 1838, page 3c.
Also see Adelaide - Housing, Architecture and Ancillary Matters .

"Emigration - The Remedy of Pauperism" is in the South Australian Record,
4 April 1840, page 162.

"The Government and Laboring Emigrants" is in the Southern Australian,
19 October 1841, page 3b.

The proposed transfer of convicts to South Australia is discussed in the Register,
4 February 1843, page 2b-f,
11 March 1843, page 2f,
"Convict Immigration" on
1 August 1855, page 2f.

"Emigration to South Australia" is in the Southern Australian,
25 April 1843, page 2c; also see
Observer,
16 September 1843, page 3a,
16 March 1844, page 4a,
South Australian,
22 and 26 November 1844, pages 2d and 2d,
31 July 1846, page 2c,
3 and 27 November 1846, pages 4c and 4c,
9 March 1847, page 4a,
18 May 1847, page 2f,
28 March 1848, page 2a.

"Overland Immigration" is discussed in the Southern Australian, 30 July 1844, page 2d.

A proposal to permit the immigration of "Parkhurst Boys" from England is debated in the Register,
8, 9, 11, 17, 21, 22, 27, 28 and 30 January 1845, pages 2c, 2d-3a, 2a, 2d, 2c, 2b-c-3b, 3a, 3a and 2d,
4, 15 and 22 February 1845, pages 3a, 3a and 3d,
25 February 1846, page 2d,
1 April 1846, page 3a.

"Free Emigration" is discussed in the Register,
26 March 1845, page 3f,
19 April 1845, page 3e.

A public meeting called to protest against a proposal to admit "half-pardoned criminals" from Van Diemen's Land is reported in the Register,
10, 13, 17 and 20 September 1845, pages 2d, 2d, 2b and 3a;
4 April 1846, page 2c,
29 July 1846, page 3d,
14 November 1846, page 3d.

"Emigrants and the Treatment of Emigrants" is in the Register,
11 July 1846, page 4d; also see
14 November 1846, page 3c.

An article on emigration is in the Observer,
7 November 1846, page 5c.

"Existing Distresses in the United Kingdom" is in the Observer,
20 June 1846, pages 6-8,
3 July 1847, pages 2-5.

"The English Emigration Agents versus the SA Press" is in the Observer,
28 August 1847, page 4b.

"Information for Emigrants" is in the South Australian,
4 July 1848, page 2e,
"Orphan Immigration" on
27 October 1848, page 2b,
26 January 1849, page 2b and
SA Gazette & Mining Journal,
23 October 1848, page 3c, "Workhouse Orphan Deportation" in the Observer,
28 October 1848, page 3b.

"Encouragement to Emigration" is in the SA Gazette & Mining Journal,
8 January 1848, page 3c,
"Emigration Questions" on
19 May 1849, page 4c.

Lectures on emigration in the United Kingdom are reported in the Adelaide Times on
19 February 1849, page 2d; also see
12 March 1849, page 3b and
South Australian,
19 October 1849, page 2a,
"Assisted Emigration" on
8 January 1850, page 2b.

Unemployment among newly arrived emigrants is discussed in the Register,
8 and 11 August 1849, pages 3b-4d and 2d.

Register

"Protection of Female Immigrants" is in the South Australian,
21 August 1849, page 2a.

Emigration is discussed in the SA Gazette & Mining Journal,
8 September 1849, page 2d:

SA Gazette & Mining Journal

"Emigration to the Colonies" is in the Observer,
13 April 1850, page 4d,
"The Immigration Agent - His Position and Duties" on
31 August 1850, page 1a (supp.).

An advertisement for the National Benevolent Emigration Society is in the Register,
22 August 1850, page 1c.

Details of assistance available to emigrants in South Australia are in the Register,
24 August 1850, page 4c.

Information on the British Ladies' Female Emigration Society in Adelaide is in the SA Gazette & Mining Journal,
7 December 1850, page 3c,
Observer,
21 December 1850, page 3d.

"Female Immigration" is discussed in the Register,
7 May 1851, page 2b,
Observer,
24 May 1851, page 3a,
Register,
21 February 1861, page 2d,
25 April 1861, page 2f,
27 May 1862, page 2d,
4 December 1862, page 2f,
23 March 1863, page 2g,
4 April 1863, page 2d,
9 September 1865, page 2e.

Information on the female immigrants' depot in Adelaide is in the Register,
13 September 1855, page 3f,
Observer,
10 March 1855, page 3c,
15 September 1855, page 3d,
22 December 1855, page 1f-4h (supp.),
5 and 29 January 1856, pages 3e and 6e.

"The Moral State of the Depot" is in the Register,
18 and 21 December 1855, pages 2f and 3d.

"Resumption of Emigration - Notice to Miners" is in the SA Gazette & Mining Journal,
29 May 1851, page 2e, "New Emigration Regulations" on
13 September 1851, page 3e,
"The Labouring Emigrants" on
11 October 1851, page 2d.

"Resumption of Emigration" is in the Adelaide Times,
31 May 1851, page 5c,
2 June 1851, page 3f.

Information on the Family Colonization Society is in the Observer,
2 and 9 August 1851, pages 6b and 2e,
22 September 1861, page 2d (Supp.),
6 December 1851, page 8b.

"Reception of Our Immigrants" is in the Register,
5 and 11 August 1851, pages 2c and 2d-3c,
"Marriage and Emigration" on
26 April 1852, page 3d.

Editorial comment on immigration following the wreck of the Marion is in the Observer,
9 August 1851, page 5b.
Information on the SS Marion is on,
3 October 1857.

"The Great Anti-Transportation Meeting" is in the Observer,
6 September 1851 (supp.).
"Transportation" in the Register,
15 and 18 April 1863, pages 2e and 2f.
"New Emigration Regulations" is in the Observer,
20 September 1851, page 2d (supp.).

"Emigration from Great Britain to the Colonies" is in the Observer,
17 April 1852, page 5a.

"Emigration from India to Australia" is in the Observer,
22 May 1852, page 3b
"Indian Immigration Bill" is in the Register,
1 July 1882, page 6e.
"Indians and Immigration" is in the Register,
22 December 1902, page 3c,
"Girl Immigrants from India" on
15 September 1911, pages 12c-13c,
"White Settlers From India" on
21 and 25 October 1911, pages 14g and 6i,
"Anglo-Indians for Australia" on
18 and 22 December 1911, pages 7c and 7c,
"Orphan Girls from India" on
23 February 1912, page 4i,
"Immigrants from India" on
25 March 1912, page 6e,
17 and 20 April 1912, pages 4f and 11g,
"Seeking Immigrants [From India]" in the Observer,
20 April 1912, page 43e,
"Ex-Soldiers from India" is in the Register,
17 February 1913, page 6f,
9 and 20 May 1913, pages 6d and 10f,
9 June 1913, page 6e.

"Prospects of Emigration" is in the Observer,
11 September 1852, page 6b.

"The Theory and Practice of Emigration" is in the Observer,
2 October 1852, page 7a; also see
13 November 1852, page 6a.

"Pauper Emigration" is in the Observer,
15 January 1853, page 3a,
"Pauperism and Immigration" in the Register,
3 October 1855, page 2d.

"Emigration Regulations" is in the Observer,
14 May 1853, page 4e,
"Injudicious Emigration" on
11 June 1853, page 6a,
"The Emigration Question" on
27 August 1853, page 6a,
"Immigration" on
13 May 1854, page 1a (supp.).

"The Conduct of Immigration" is in the Register,
19 April 1854, page 2f.

"The Emigration Commissioners Again" is in the Observer,
5 August 1854, page 4a,
"Immigrant Apprentices" on
3 February 1855, page 6b,
"Cheap Labour and Emigration" on
5 and 19 May 1855, pages 6g and 7g,
"Immigration" on
26 May 1855, page 5f.

"The Female Immigrants" is in the Observer,
23 June 1855, page 5d,
14 July 1855, page 6a,
18 August 1855, page 6e,
3 November 1855, page 4d (supp.),
15 December 1855, page 2e,
19 and 26 January 1856, pages 6e and 5b.
Comment on the Immigrant Agent's Report is in the Observer,
21 July 1855, page 6a; also see
9 February 1856, page 6e,
3 May 1856, pages 6d-7h.

"Emigration and the Land Fund" is in the Observer,
11 and 25 August 1855, pages 6f and 5e.

A fracas in the Immigration Depot is reported in the Register,
13 September 1855, page 3f; also see
22 December 1855, page 1f (supp.),
5 January 1856, page 3e,
1 March 1856, page 3c,
21 April 1856, page 3g.

"Pauperism and Emigration" is in the Observer,
13 October 1855, page 6c,
"British Emigration" on
27 October 1855, page 6d,
"The Emigration Commissioners" on
3 and 17 November 1855, pages 6c and 5a,
"Government Immigration" on
10 November 1855, page 6f.

"The Immigration of 1855" is in the Register,
6 may 1856, page 2c,
19 June 1856, page 2d.

"Correspondence on Emigration" is in the Observer,
16 February 1856, page 3b,
Register,
26 and 28 November 1856, pages 2f and 2d,
20 December 1856, page 2d.

"Immigration" is in the Observer,
16 February 1856, page 5f,
"Emigration" on
1 March 1856, page 6g,
5 and 12 April 1856, pages 6h and 5d,
7 June 1856, page 6d.

"The Aliens Act" is in the Observer,
15 March 1856, page 6h,
"The New Aliens Bill" in the Register,
16 and 24 December 1857, pages 3e and 3d,
"The Naturalization Laws" in the Observer,
28 November 1857, page 6c,
1 January 1859, pages 6e-7b; also see
22 December 1860, page 5e,
13 December 1862, page 6c,
4 February 1865, page 6c,
Register,
27 April 1863, page 2f,
1 February 1865, page 2c.

"The Immigration of 1855" is in the Observer,
3 May 1856, page 5a,
21 June 1856, page 6e,
"Immigration Returns" on
2 August 1856, page 6a,
Register,
18 October 1856, page 2f.

"Immigration and Destitution" is in the Register,
13 May 1856, page 3d,
"Emigration Frauds" on
5 April 1856, page 2d.

Destitution among female immigrants is discussed in the Register,
5 and 9 July 1856, pages 2f and 3e.
A report of a select committee on female immigration is in the Observer,
17 May 1856, page 7g.
"Unemployed Immigrants and the Destitute Poor" is in the Register,
23 August 1856, page 3e.

"The Alleged Exodus" is in the Observer,
31 May 1856, page 5e.

"Nominated Immigrants" is in the Register,
8 and 26 July 1856, pages 2d and 2c-d.

"Assisted Emigration" is in the Observer,
20 September 1856, page 6d,
"Correspondence on Immigration" on
13 December 1856, page 6c,
"The Emigration Commissioners' Defence" on
27 December 1856, page 6b,
"Help to Immigrants" on
17 January 1857, page 6c,
"The Immigration Balance" on
24 January 1857, page 6d.

"The Governor's Despatch on Immigration" is in the Register,
28 November 1856, page 2d,
5 December 1856, page 2d.

"Emigration to Australia in 1856" is in the Observer,
11 April 1857, page 5b,
"The Immigration Question" on
9 May 1857, page 6b.

"Emigration to South Australia" is in the Register,
20 August 1857, page 3c; also see
12 and 22 September 1857, pages 2d and 3c.

"Our Immigration System" is in the Observer,
19 September 1857, page 4c,
"Nominated Immigrants" on
31 October 1857, page 5e,
"The Commissioners and Agents of Emigration" on
28 November 1857, page 5e.

"Australian Emigration Remittances" is in the Observer,
26 December 1857, page 6f,
"Immigration and Emigration" on
10 April 1858, page 6g.

"Free and Assisted Immigration" is in the Register,
9 January 1858, page 2d,
Observer,
23 January 1858, page 5d,
"Emigration to Australia" on
9 January 1858, page 4f (supp.).

"Public Works and Immigration" is in the Register,
25 May 1858, page 2c.

"Immigration" is in the Observer,
22 May 1858, page 6e,
"Public Works and Immigration" on
29 May 1858, page 6a,
"Unassisted Emigration" on
19 June 1858, page 5c,
"Immigration and Emigration" on
17 July 1858, page 6g,
"Increased Emigration" on
24 July 1858, page 5f,
"Immigration Facilities" on
24 July 1858, page 5f.

"The Immigration Question" is debated in the Register,
14, 15 and 23 July 1858, pages 2b, 2d and 2c,
3 August 1858, page 2,
Observer,
18 December 1858, page 1b (supp.)

"The Chamber of Commerce and Emigration" is in the Observer,
14 August 1858, page 2c (supp.),
"Emigration" on
4 September 1858, page 6g.

"Immigration Agent's Report" is in the Observer,
23 October 1858, page 6b,
23 April 1859, page 6c,
27 August 1859, page 6d,
29 October 1859, page 6d,
4 February 1860, page 6b.

Also see Register,
18 December 1858, page 2b,
27 and 30 May 1859, pages 2f and 2h,
10 June 1859, page 2h,
26 October 1859, page 2f,
5 and 15 December 1859, pages 2g and 2g,
14 and 17 March 1860, pages 2h-3d and 2c.

"Emigration Societies" is in the Observer,
11 December 1858, page 6d,
"Immigration" on
15 January 1859, page 1a (supp.),
"Immigration and Emigration" on
19 February 1859, page 6e,
"The Immigration of 1858" on
2 April 1859, page 6c,
"Intercolonial Migration" on
16 April 1859, page 6c.

"Immigration" is in the Observer,
28 May 1859, pages 4g-6c,
4 and 11 June 1859, pages 6a and 1b (supp .),
"Intercolonial Sloping" on
4 June 1859, page 7c,
"The Immigration Vote" on
6 August 1859, page 6b,
"Immigration and Emigration" on
17 September 1859, page 7a,
18 February 1860, page 6f,
"Immigration" on
5 November 1859, page 6b,
10 and 17 December 1859, pages 6b and 6b.

"Discussion on the Immigration Question" is in the Observer,
3 March 1860, page 2c (supp.),
"Immigration" on
5 May 1860, page 6g,
"The Threatened Exodus" on
26 May 1860, page 6a,
"Correspondence on Immigration" on
30 June 1860, page 6c.

"Passenger Protection" is in the Observer,
4 August 1860, page 5e.

"Female Immigration" is in the Observer,
23 February 1861, page 6b,
31 May 1862, page 6a,
6 December 1862, page 5e,
28 March 1863, page 6c,
16 September 1865, page 6d,
Register,
9 September 1865, page 2e.

"Resumption of Immigration" is in the Observer,
29 June 1861, page 3d,
8 February 1862, page 4h.

"Immigration" is in the Observer,
2 February 1861, page 6e,
30 March 1861, page 5d; also see
Register,
17 January 1861, page 2h,
2, 3, 5 and 9 July 1861, pages 3e, 3a, 2h and 3a,
28 October 1861, page 2d,
13 November 1861, page 2b,
9 and 30 December 1861, pages 2f and 2f,
Observer,
2 November 1861, page 6a,
14 December 1861, page 6a,
4 January 1862, page 6a.

Also see Register,
4, 7 and 12 February 1862, pages 2f, 2c and 2e,
20 May 1862, page 3a,
Observer,
2 and 23 August 1862, pages 1c (supp.) and 6b,
11 April 1863, page 6c,
Register,
10 July 1863, page 2d,
16 October 1865, page 2c,
25 April 1866, page 2d,
8 April 1868, page 2c,
9 June 1869, page 2d.

The dangers of excessive emigration is traversed in the Advertiser,
8 July 1861, page 2g:

These capitalists have discovered a means of making a most splendid percentage of the small sum of money they have expended; and especially if they can obtain cheap labour and thereby fill their coffers with gold at the expense and by the sweat and blood of the working classes; a transaction that seems much akin to the American slave trade.

"Miss Rye's Scheme of Emigration" is in the Chronicle,
22 November 1862, page 6c,
6 February 1864, pages 4e-7e.

"The Colonial Emigration Society" is in the Register,
2 December 1862, page 2g,
20 February 1863, page 2g,
20 April 1863, page 2g,
20 July 1863, page 2f,
Observer,
6 December 1862, page 6a,
28 February 1863, page 6b,
25 July 1863, page 6b.

"Emigration to the Colonies" is in the Register,
15 December 1862, page 2g.

"Departures for New Zealand" is in the Observer,
21 February 1863, page 5f and
"Immigration Correspondence" on
11 July 1863, pages 6c-2a (supp.),
"Distribution of Immigrants" on
1 August 1863, page 6a.

"Emigration Difficulties" is in the Register,
4 April 1863, page 2d,
"Absconding Immigrants" on
11 April 1863, page 2d.

A letter from the Bishop of Adelaide in respect of female immigration is in the Observer,
10 October 1863, page 6c.

"Government Immigrants Leaving the Colony" is in the Observer,
24 October 1863, page 1e (supp.).

"Hiring Emigrants" is in the Register,
6 January 1864, page 2e.

Information on the Acclimatisation Society is in the Express,
18 February 1864, page 2b.

"Absconding Immigrants" is in the Register,
11 April 1863, page 2d,
24 May 1864, page 2d,
8 May 1867, page 2c,
"Defaulting Immigrants" on
14 October 1865, page 2h.

"Mortality Among Emigrants" is in the Register,
3 November 1863, page 2f,
"Immigration and Farm Labor" in the Advertiser,
27 June 1864, page 2g.

"Immigration in 1864" is in the Express,
17 March 1865, page 2b.

"Hiring Emigrants" is in the Observer,
9 January 1864, page 6c,
"The Immigration Question" on
5 November 1864, page 6d,
"On Immigration" on

22 April 1865, page 1a (supp.),
"Immigration" on
21 October 1865, page 2f (supp.).

"Discussion on Emigration" is in the Register,
7 July 1865, page 2b,
"Selection of Emigrants" on
11 and 14 November 1865, pages 2e and 2g,
"New Views on Emigration" on
21 December 1865, page 2c.

"Newly-Arriving Immigrants" is in the Register,
9 May 1865, page 2g,
1 December 1865, page 2f.

"Immigration" is in the Chronicle,
9 December 1865, page 5a,
"The Commissioner's Despatch on Emigration" in the Observer,
16 December 1865, page 6a.

"New Views of Immigration" is in the Register,
21 December 1865, page 2c.

"Our New Chums" is in the Advertiser,
23 and 24 January 1866, pages 3a and 3g,
"Thoughts Upon Immigration" on
10 and 13 July 1866, pages 2f and 2f.

"Criminal Immigrants" is in the Chronicle,
27 January 1866, page 4f.

"The Emigration Question" is in the Observer,
28 April 1866, page 6b,
"Immigration" in the Express,
4 May 1866, page 2b,
9 July 1866, page 2c.

"Unsuitable Immigration" is in the Register,
28 June 1866, page 2b; also see
30 June 1866, page 2c,
5 and 7 July 1866, pages 2b and 2c-3a.

"The Meeting in the Town Hall" is in the Register,
7 July 1866, pages 2c-3a.

"Thoughts Upon Immigration" is in the Chronicle,
14 July 1866, page 2b,
"Immigration" on
1 September 1866, page 1f (supp.).

"The Petition on Immigration" is in the Register,
6 November 1866, page 2d,
"Employment for Immigrants" on
16 January 1867, pages 2c-e.

"Nationalities of the People" is in the Chronicle,
10 November 1866, page 2b (supp.).

"What Shall We Do With Our Immigrants?" is in the Chronicle,
1 December 1866, page 4d.

"Employment for Immigrants" is in the Register,
16 January 1867, page 2d.

"Immigration Returns" is in the Register,
13 April 1867, page 2c,
"Resumption of Immigration" on
22 and 23 May 1867, pages 2b and 2g.

"Colonists Leaving" South Australia is in the Advertiser,
14 June 1867, page 2f-h,
Chronicle, 14 September 1867, page 2c.

"Immigration" is in the Chronicle,
3 August 1867, page 2c.

"Difficulties of the Emigration System" is in the Register,
tember 1867, page 2b.

"Labour and Emigration" is in the Observer,
26 October 1867, page 6a,
"Immigration" on
11 April 1868, page 12b,
"Immigration and Its Inter-Colonial Aspects" on
2 May 1868, page 12e.

"Assisted Immigration" is in the Chronicle,
26 September 1868, page 6d,
"Emigration From England" on
1 January 1870, page 12b.

"The New Aspect of Immigration" is in the Observer,
6 March 1869, page 11d,
"Pauper Immigration" on
27 March 1869, page 11d,
Express,
5 April 1869, page 2b,
20 July 1869, page 2b,
"Paupers for the Colonies" in the Chronicle,
27 March 1869, page 8d,
10 and 17 April 1869, pages 12c and 8c.

"The Immigration Balance" in the Register,
13 and 16 April 1869, pages 3a and 2e.

"Surplus Population and Emigration" is in the Express,
15 April 1869, page 2b,
"The Emigration Puzzle in England" in the Observer,
24 April 1869, page 12g,
"The Effect of Responsible Government on Immigration" on
22 May 1869, page 11g,
"Indirect Encouragement to Immigration" on
19 June 1869, page 13d.

"The Chamber of Commerce on Immigration" is in the Chronicle,
7 August 1869, page 9a.

"Mr Tomkinson on Immigration" is in the Observer,
14 August 1869, page 13b,
"A New Sutherland's Act" on
14 August 1869, page 12f.

"Emigration to San Francisco" is in the Observer,
23 April 1870, page 5f.

"The Emigrationists at the Mansion-House" is in the Observer,
23 April 1870, page 11d,
"Is State Emigration a Possibility" on
25 June 1870, page 13c.

"Immigration" is in the Register,
19, 27 and 30 April 1872, pages 4c, 6b and 6a,
Observer,
20 and 27 April 1872, pages 2g and 2g,
4 May 1872, page 10,
8 and 22 June 1872, pages 13c and 3a,
"Immigration of Female Domestics" in The Irish Harp,
3 February 1872, page 5b,
"Female Immigration" in the Express,
13 February 1873, page 2b.

"The Immigration Bill" is in the Observer,
9 November 1872, page 3a; also see
29 March 1873, page 10e,
5 April 1873, pages 12d-13c.

"Immigration Regulations" is in the Observer,
28 December 1872, page 3c,
4 January 1873, page 3a,
"Handbook for Emigrants" on
26 April 1873, page 13c.

"Female Immigration" is in the Chronicle,
15 February 1873, page 11e.

"Immigration" is in The Irish Harp,
28 February 1873, page 4c,
18 and 25 April 1873, pages 4a and 5a,
8 August 1873, page 4a.

"Immigration" is in the Observer,
24 and 31 May 1873, pages 15a and 15c,
21 June 1873, page 13a,
"Our Immigration Laws" on
12 July 1873, page 13a,
"Assisted Immigration" on
9 and 16 August 1873, pages 13a and 3b.

"Handbook for Emigrants" is in the Observer,
26 April 1873, page 13c.

"Restraining Immigration" is in the Register,
25 June 1873, page 4d; also see
8 and 17 July 1873, pages 5b and 4f-6a.

"Immigration Dispatches" is in the Observer,
13 September 1873, page 4f,
"Immigration Regulations" on
20 September 1873, page 2g,
"Immigration" on
13, 20 and 27 December 1873, pages 13d, 13b and 2e,
Chronicle,
21 February 1874, page 11f.

"Free Immigration" is in Express,
16 and 17 July 1873, pages 2c and 2b-3a,
26 August 1873, page 3c,
The Irish Harp,
15 and 21 May 1874, pages 5a and 3c,
12 and 26 June 1874, pages 4a and 4a.
"Free and Assisted Immigration" is in the Observer,
6, 13 and 27 June 1874, pages 4f, 10-13d and 10e,
"Free Immigration" on
24 March 1877, page 18c,
28 April 1877, page 10e,
Express,
16 November 1882, page 2c.

"The Immigration Vote" is in the Register,
20 December 1873, page 4e.

"Free and Assisted Immigration" is in the Register,
4, 6 and 20 June 1874, pages 4d, 5a and 7c.

"Placing of Immigrants" is in the Express,
16 and 17 June 1874, pages 2b and 3d.

"Emigration from England" is in the Observer,
5 December 1874, page 13b,
"Emigration" on
4 March 1876, pages 11a-13c,
Letters from an immigrant to his parents are in the Express,
16 November 1875, page 3a,
"Emigration to South Australia" on
15 December 1875, page 3c,
"Immigration and Public Works" on
13 June 1876, page 2f.

"Immigration and the Labour Market" on
24 June 1876, page 4c,
"Immigration" on
19 August 1876, page 4b,
30 September 1876, page 13c,
2 December 1876, page 13c,
24 February 1877, page 4a.

"Immigration and Public Works" is in the Observer,
26 September 1876, page 13d.

"What Immigrants Say of the Colony" is in the Observer,
28 October 1876, page 8a.

An article entitled "An Emigrant's Story" in the Register
on 15 November 1876, page 6f sparked a series of comment from other immigrants and elsewhere on the inherent hazards of this operation - see Register,
15, 22, 28 November 1876, pages 4f, 4e and 4e-7d;
2, 13, 14, 22, 28 December 1876, pages 6c, 7a, 5f, 4e-6b and 6d;
3, 22, 30 and 31 January 1877, pages 5f, 4e-5g, 4g, 6g and 5e-6f;
13 and 16 February 1877, pages 5c and 5g.

"Immigration Regulations" is in the Observer,
18 and 25 November 1876, pages 13c and 13c,
2 December 1876, page 13e,
27 January 1877, page 13e,
Register,
22 January 1877, page 4e.

"South Australia as a Field for Emigration" is in the Register,
30 November 1876, page 5e.

"Another Immigrant's Story" is in the Observer,
30 December 1876, pages 10f-13c-14d.

See Observer,
2 December 1876, page 12a and
Register,
30 November 1876, page 5a for an article entitled "SA as a Field for Emigration" and
17 March 1877, page 6f; also see
2 June 1877 (supp.), page 1 for a reference to emigration, reproduced from the London Times, and Register,
25 October 1877, page 6d and
9 February 1878, page 6f.

"Our Immigration System" is in the Chronicle,
13 January 1877, page 5b,
"Emigrant Arrangements in Great Britain" is in the Observer,
20 January 1877, page 20d,
"The Railway Work and the Immigrants" on
10 February 1877, pages 10b-13c,
"Immigration Correspondence" on
17 and 24 March 1877, pages 13a and 12f,
"Immigrants Out of Work" in the Express,
14 February 1877, page 3a,
"The Immigration System" in the Chronicle,
28 April 1877, pages 5b-9b.

"The Immigrants in Quarantine" is in the Observer,
28 April 1877, page 4c,
"Indiscriminate Immigration" on
12 May 1877, page 13f,
A cartoon is in The Lantern,
14 April 1877, page 17.

"Immigration from the United States" is in the Observer,
26 May 1877, page 13d.
Register,
10 and 16 May 1877, pages 4c and 7c.

"Emigration to South Australia" by Henry Taylor is in the Register,
2 June 1877, (supp.),
Observer,
9 June 1877, page 19c.

"Immigration" is in the Observer,
19 May 1877, page 18a,
Express,
21 July 1877, page 3b,
20 November 1877, page 3b,
5 January 1878, page 3b,
Register,
31 August 1877, pages 4c-6e,
8 and 26 September 1877, pages 4f and 4d,
22 June 1878, page 4d,
Chronicle,
24 November 1877, page 5a,
Observer,
5 and 12 January 1878, pages 13d and 11f,
29 June 1878, page 10a.

An article taken from the London Times on emigration to South Australia is in the Observer,
9 June 1877, page 19c.

"A New Chum in the Seventies - Interesting Reminiscences" is in the Advertiser,
9 March 1922, page 8e.

"Criminal Immigrants" is in the Observer,
12 January 1878, page 18d,
"Immigrant's Impression of South Australia" on
19 January 1878, pages 11a-12e,
23 February 1878, page 19d; also see
Observer,
27 September 1879, page 3a,
24 January 1879, page 150c.

"Emigration to South Australia" is in the Chronicle,
5 January 1878, page 12e,
"The Immigration System" on
12 January 1878, page 5a.

"The Proposed Stoppage of Immigration" is in the Observer,
2 November 1878, page 4e,
Chronicle,
2 November 1878, page 4d; also see
Express,
1 November 1878, page 3c,
16 January 1879, page 3b,
22 March 1879, page 2b.

"The Immigration Meeting" is in the Register,
19 August 1879, pages 4c-5f.

"The Government Immigration Policy" is in the Advertiser,
19 August 1879, page 5c,
"Immigration" in the Observer,
30 August 1879, page 13b,
5 February 1881, page 242a,
9 April 1881, page 631b.

"An Appeal to the Cornish in SA" is in the Express,
26 April 1879, page 3e,
5 May 1879, page 2e,
12 July 1879, page 2b,
6 September 1879, page 2c.
A proposed association is discussed in the Express,
15 and 22 February 1890, pages 2d and 3c.
A photograph of an immigrant Cornish family is in the Observer,
1 March 1924, page 33.

"Immigrants by Mail Steamers" is in the Observer,
11 June 1881, page 1024e.
"Immigrants and the Incoming Mail Steamer" in the Register,
10 April 1888, page 5c.

Proposed Russian-Jewish immigration is discussed in the Register,
18 February 1882, page 6c,
8 March 1882, page 4f,
13 April 1882, page 4e,
17 July 1882, page 4d,
26 August 1882, page 4d.
Jewish immigration is discussed in the Observer,
4 May 1907, page 41a. "Emigration" is in the Chronicle,
6 May 1882, page 5c,
"How An Emigrant May Get to the Colony" is in the Register,
13 September 1882, page 6a.

A proposed Scandinavian Association is discussed in the Observer,
20 January 1883, page 35e.

An editorial on the Female Middle Class Emigration Society is in the Advertiser,
29 March 1883, page 4d,
"Emigration for Women" is in the Observer,
31 March 1883, page 43a.

"Foreign Immigrants" is in the Register, 16 May 1883, page 4f.

"Winter Immigration and Its Results" is in the Register,
26, 27 and 30 July 1883, pages 4e, 4g-6b and 7d,
1 August 1883, page 4g.

"The Labour Market and Immigration" is discussed in the Register,
23, 25 and 26 June 1883, pages 4e, 7c and 6b,
15 and 16 February 1884, pages 2f (supp.) and 4f.
Further information on the subject appears on
26, 27 and 29 June 1885, pages 7g, 4e-5h and 7g,
3 and 7 July 1885, pages 4e and 4d,
14 October 1891, page 4f,
23 February 1892, page 4g.

"Distressed Immigrants" is in the Register,
25, 26 and 27 July 1883, pages 6e, 6d and 4g-6b.

"The Immigration Question" is in the Observer,
4 August 1883, page 34e.

The formation of an Immigrants' Friends' Society is reported in the Register,
16 August 1883, page 7c; also see
27 August 1883, page 4d.

"Emigration Fields for Young Gentlemen" is in the Observer,
8 September 1883, page 41c.

"The Labour Market and Immigration" is in the Register,
16 February 1884, page 4f.

"A Consignment of Destitute Immigrants" is in the Observer,
2 August 1884, page 28c,
Register,
2 and 27 August 1884, pages 5b and 5b,
3 and 9 September 1884, pages 5b and 5b.

"Reunion of Boltonians" is in the Register,
9 August 1884, page 5b.

"A Protest Against Assisted Immigration" is in the Register,
16 September 1884, page 6d,
Observer,
20 September 1884, page 33c,
"Immigration" on
11 July 1885, page 24c.

"The Immigrants for SA - State of the Labour Market" is in the Observer,
27 June 1885, page 32b,
11 July 1885, pages 24c-33a,
1 August 1885, page 24c; also see
Register,
27 June 1885, page 5h,
3, 7 and 9 July 1885, pages 4f, 4d and 4d.

"The Coming Immigrants" is in the Chronicle,
4 and 11 July 1885, pages 5b and 5e.

"Imperial Immigration Systems" is in the Register,
12 August 1886, page 4g.

"Naturalized Foreigners" is in the Register,
20 September 1886, page 4f; also see
13 May 1887, page 4e,
"French and German Colonisation" on
31 December 1886, pages 4g-6a,
"Immigration and the Working Man" on
8 March 1887, page 3h.

"Encouragement of Immigration" is in the Register,
29 April 1887, page 7a,
"Australians and Foreigners" on
13 May 1887, page 4e.

An immigrant's experiences in Adelaide are recounted in the Register,
9 May 1887, page 7d.

"Emigration versus Pauperism" is in the Observer,
11 February 1888, page 25c,
"Immigration to the Colonies" on
11 August 1888, page 25b.

"Homeward Bound" is in the Express,
9 January 1888, page 3g.

"Immigration and Population" is in the Register,
10 July 1889, page 4g.

A proposed Colonization Society is discussed in the Register,
9, 12, 14 and 18 February 1889, pages 6b, 4e-7f, 7f and 6e,
11 May 1889, page 6h,
5 June 1889, page 7h.

A poem entitled "An Emigrants' Blessing" is in the Register,
1 March 1889, page 7d.

The Immigration Limitation Bill is discussed in the Register,
25 August 1891, page 4f.

"The New Immigration" is in the Observer,
27 February 1892, page 24e.

"Our Immigration Policy" is in the Register,
14 October 1891, page 4f.

"The New Australia Scheme - Departure of Pioneer Settlers" is in the Observer,
27 May 1893, page 15b,
"A Short History of New Australia" on
5 and 12 January 1895, pages 14d-29e and 11c.
"Memories of Paraguay - Mrs George Birks and New Australia" is in the Register,
27 march 1928, page 4c.

A proposed Yorkshire Society is discussed in the Register,
10 February 1894, page 6f; also see
31 March 1894, page 6f,
13 November 1894, page 7d.
Also see Adelaide - Clubs, Societies and Associations.

"Undesirable Immigrants" is in the Advertiser,
22 October 1894, page 4g,
"The Remittance Man" on
22 June 1907, page 4d.

A report of Greek refugees camping in the sandhills and their subsequent fate is reported in the Register,
23 and 28 June 1898, pages 6c and 4h,
2, 8, 14 and 25 July 1898, pages 5a, 4h, 4g and 4g,
3 and 20 August 1898, pages 4g and 4g.

"Syrians for Adelaide" is in the Register,
6 December 1898, page 5b.

"The Remittance Man" is in the Register,
8 January 1900, page 4e.

"Greek Immigrants" is in the Register,
10 July 1901, page 6i.

"Migrating Colonists" is in the Observer,
22 February 1902, page 24e.

"The Fever Ship - Visit to the Celtic Queen" is in the Register,
5 and 6 February 1904, pages 5f and 5c.

"Wanted - An Immigration Policy" is in the Register,
19 September 1905, page 4e,
Observer,
23 September 1905, page 35d,
"Australian Immigration" on
10 February 1906, page 40,
"Immigrants for Australia" on
19 January 1907, page 43d,
"Industries and Immigration" on
28 April 1906, page 31d.

"Obstruction of Immigration" is in the Observer,
9 March 1907, page 33d,
"Emigration From the Old World" on
27 April 1907, page 43,
"Good and Bad Immigrants" on
28 March 1908, page 33c,
"Tide of Immigration" on
18 July 1908, page 46a,
"Immigration - The Demand" on
10 October 1908, page 49c.

"Grecian Gypsies - A Camp Near the Torrens Weir" is in the Advertiser,
18 March 1908, page 8b.

"Come In and Out You Go - A Syrian's Hard Fate" is in the Register,
24 December 1908, page 9d.

"Children as Immigrants" is in the Observer,
25 December 1909, page 31e,
"Immigration Outcry" on
9 July 1910, page 43a.

"The Importation of Workers" is in the Advertiser,
17 March 1910, page 11f,
"Settlers for South Australia - The Work of the Immigration
League" on
12 May 1910, page 8f,
25 June 1910, page 15a.

"New Settlers - The Latest Contingent" is in the Register,
13 June 1910, page 7b.

"Immigration - Trades Hall Criticism" is in the Register on
27 and 30 June 1910, pages 9a and 8g,
1 and 7 July 1910, pages 9a and 6d.

"An Immigrant's Story - Sleeping on Bare Boards" is recounted in the Advertiser,
4 and 5 July 1910, pages 11f and 8d.

"New Arrivals - A Chat With Immigrants" is in the Register,
9 July 1910, page 13c.

"Immigration" is in the Observer,
5 November 1910, page 33d.

"A Chat with Immigrants" is in the Register,
9 and 29 July 1910, pages 13c and 3g,
"Assisted Immigration" in the Advertiser,
21 February 1911, page 9h,
Observer,
25 February 1911, page 46a,
12 August 1911, page 45d,
3 February 1912, page 37c.

"A Fresh Start - Pledged to Rural Work" is in the Register,
18 July 1910, page 7a.

Also see Register,
17 and 22 February 1911, pages 4i and 7c,
13 June 1911, page 4b,
5 August 1911, page 13a,
31 January 1912, page 8b,
27 February 1912, page 6g,
15 June 1912, page 15b,
4 and 7 November 1912, pages 9d and 6h.

"Nomination System Revived" is in the Observer,
25 February 1911, page 46a.

Photographs of immigrants from the Omrah are in the Observer,
5 August 1911, page 31,
from the Hobson Bay on
12 November 1927, page 43.

"Welfare of Girl Immigrants - A Society Formed" is in the Register,
29 September 1911, page 9f.

"More Citizens - The Belgic's Contingent" is in the Register,
20 and 21 November 1911, pages 6h and 9d.

"British and Foreign Immigration" is in the Register,
27 April 1912, page 9b.

A photograph of members of the Ottoman Association of SA is in the Observer,
14 September 1912, page 29.

"Immigrants Welcome" is in the Observer,
30 March 1912, page 34c,
"Seeking Immigrants [From India]" on
20 April 1912, page 43e,
"The Irishman's Immigrants" on
9 November 1912, page 46e,
18 January 1913, page 52a,
"More Immigrants" on
28 June 1913, page 44c.

"Nominated Immigrants - The First Batch" is in the Observer,
12 August 1911, page 45d.
Photographs of assisted immigrants are in the Chronicle,
19 August 1911, page 31; also see
10 October 1929, page 36.

"More Citizens - The Belgic Contingent" is in the Observer,
25 November 1911, page 42a.

"Immigration - Where SA Lags" is in the Register,
7 March 1912, page 6d.

"Immigrants Welcome" is in the Register,
28 March 1912, pages 4c-8g.

"Immigration to South Australia - The Present Policy" is in The Mail,
11 May 1912, page 15b.

"New South Australians - The Immigration Flow" is in the Observer,
22 June 1912, page 50a.

"Labour for the West Coast - Bringing Out Boys" is in the Register,
24 June 1912, page 10f.

"Lad Immigrants" is in the Observer,
12 October 1912, page 35e.

"Immigration - Work of the British League" is in the Observer,
9 November 1912, page 40e.

"The Emigration of Women - Grave Allegations" is in the Advertiser,
18 November 1912, page 10h; also see
Register,
25 December 1912, page 15b,
3 and 25 January 1913, pages 7b and 15f,
8 February 1913, page 14e,
3 and 6 March 1913, pages 6d and 5f.

"Immigrants Warned" is in the Chronicle,
7 December 1912, page 43e.

"Deluded Immigrants - Interesting Letters" is in the Register,
3 January 1913, page 7b.

"How the Immigrants Were Treated" is in the Advertiser,
10 and 11 January 1913, pages 11a and 8e,
"Attracting Immigrants" on
20 January 1913, page 8e,
"Immigrant Girls and the Country" on
13 February 1913, page 8f.

"Unfortunate Immigrants" is in the Register,
17 January 1913, page 6d.

"Are Immigrants Unpopular?" is in the Register,
8 February 1913, page 14e.

A London report on controlling emigration is in the Advertiser,
24 February 1913, page 18d; also see
27 February 1913, page 9a.

"Britain's Emigration Tide" is in the Register,
13 March 1913, page 6e.

"Tempting the Emigrant - South Australia's Offer" is in the Advertiser,
6 May 1913, page 15b; also see
12 and 13 May 1913, pages 11c and 14d,
5 June 1913, page 14e.

"Try Adelaide - Victoria's Incompetent Immigrants" is in the Observer,
14 and 21 June 1913, pages 39c and 47a.

"The Effect of Immigration - Does it Increase the Unemployed?" is in the Advertiser,
1 July 1913, page 9a

"Boy Immigrants" is in the Advertiser,
18 June 1913, page 14d,
28 August 1913, page 12a,
Register,
16 January 1914, page 6d.

"English Boys as Farm Labourers" is in the Register,
22 February 1913, pages 14h-15d,
"Mild Slavery" on
31 October 1913, page 10a.
"Boy Migration - The Originator of the Scheme" is in the Advertiser,
31 October 1913, page 18d,
"Boy Immigrants" in the Register,
16 January 1914, page 6d,
"Boys for Farmers" in the Register,
12 May 1914, page 6h.
"Immigration and Farm Laborers" is in the Advertiser,
14 September 1921, page 18h,
"Immigration - Boys for Farm Work" on
11 October 1921, page 7b,
"The Boy Immigrants" is in the Register,
31 August 1922, page 6c,
4, 17 and 18 September 1924, pages 11b, 12f and 10g,
31 October 1924, page 11f.

"Migration" is in the Advertiser,
7 March 1914, page 18e,
"Child Immigration" on
10 March 1914, page 8d,
"The Immigration Problem" on
28 April 1914, page 13b,
"More Immigrants" on
12 and 13 May 1914, pages 9b and 14d.

"Immigrant Girls in Great Danger" is in the Register,
31 March 1914, page 9h,
"Warning to Girls - Immigrant Girls' Experiences" in the Advertiser,
4 June 1914, page 15b.

"Immigration - Australia's Difficulty" is in the Advertiser,
9 July 1914, page 18a.

"Excluding Undesirables" is in the Advertiser,
22 August 1919, page 6f,
"Immigration from the United Kingdom" on
1 December 1920, page 6g; also see
27 December 1920, page 4b.

"Welcoming English Girls" is in the Register,
19 February 1920, page 4h,
"The English Land Girl - A Desirable Immigrant" on
30 July 1920, page 5g.

"Immigration Affairs" is in the Observer,
15 January 1921, page 31e.

"Free Passages to Australia" is in the Advertiser,
10 May 1921, page 6f; also see
11 May 1921, page 6e.

"Immigration and Farm Laborers" is in the Advertiser,
14 September 1921, page 18h,
"Immigration - Boys for Farm Work" on
11 October 1921, page 7b.

"South Australian Immigration Schemes" is in the Observer,
19 November 1921, page 18d.

"Treatment of Immigrants" is in the Advertiser,
26 and 29 October 1921, pages 10e and 9c,
2 and 14 March 1922, pages 10h and 9e,
"Empire and Migration" on
5 January 1922, page 6c.

The arrival of "Barnardo Boys" is reported in the Register,
14 October 1921, page 7c,
photographs are in The Critic,
19 October 1921, page 11.
"Empire Migration" is in the Register,
4 and 11 March 1922, pages 6i and 8d.
"Boys for Farms" on
14 and 15 June 1922, pages 6i and 8f.

"Barwell Boys" is in the Register on
15 June 1922, page 8f,
5 and 18 July 1922, pages 9e and 4e,
22 and 31 August 1922, pages 7g and 6c,
18 September 1922, page 8e,
24 October 1922, page 6e,
21 November 1922, page 6e,
29 January 1923, page 6f,
30 April 1923, page 8i.
Photographs are in the Observer,
8 July 1922, page 25.
Register,
7 August 1923, page 11.

"Farm Apprentices at Work" is in the Register,
21 July 1922, page 7f.

Also see Register,
27 June 1923, page 11b,
7, 8, 13, 14, 17, 19, 21 and 23 May 1924, pages 9c, 9f-g, 9g, 9c, 10f, 9c, 8i and 11e,
6, 19 and 20 June 1924, pages 8f, 9b and 8f,
18 October 1924, page 8f,
4 November 1924, page 10g.

Also see Advertiser,
10 and 21 May 1924, pages 15a and 15g,
4, 5, 9, 11 and 21 June 1924, pages 8h, 7c-8g-9b, 11e, 8h and 16e,
8 and 17 July 1924, pages 16d and 9d,
27 August 1924, page 11c,
18 September 1924, page 8f.

"Empire Migration" is in the Register,
1 and 4 March 1922, pages 6g and 6i,
Observer,
11 and 18 March 1922, pages 44a and 8c.

"Boy Scouts as Immigrants" is in the Register,
22 July 1922, page 6d,
1 August 1922, page 6e,
"More Migrants Wanted" on
30 March 1923, page 7g.

"New Immigration Policy - The Churches Cooperating" is in the Advertiser,
30 March 1923, page 10c.
A speech by the Premier, Sir Henry Barwell, appears on
21 April 1923, page 13f.

"Migration Emissaries in Adelaide" is in the Register,
25 July 1923, page 10,
"Immigration and the Churches" on
19 and 20 October 1923, pages 11c and 8g,
2 and 7 November 1923, pages 11c and 11c,
"Boy and Girl Migrants" on
23 November 1923, pages 8d-9d,
1 December 1923, page 9a.

"Migration Within the Empire" is in the Advertiser,
17 January 1923, page 12a,
"A Stranded Immigrant" on
13 October 1923, page 17d.

"Migration Emissaries in Adelaide" is in the Register,
25 July 1923, pages 10b-11c; also see
26 July 1923, page 10c.

"Girl Immigrants - Helpers in Homes" is in the Advertiser,
23 November 1923, page 14b,
1 December 1923, page 17a; also see
19 and 21 March 1924, pages 12e and 12i.

"Housing for Immigrants" is in the Advertiser,
4 March 1924, page 13d,
"Extension of Nominated System" on
10 May 1924, page 13e.

"Assisted Immigration" is in the Observer,
24 May 1924, page 48a.

"Stemming the Tide [of Barwell Boys]" is in the Register,
8, 10, 13, 14, 17, 19 and 23 May 1924, pages 8c-9g, 8e, 9g, 9c, 10f, 9c and 11e,
"Boy Immigration" on
27 August 1924, pages 8e-11f,
4 and 11 December 1924, pages 11d and 11d.

"Immigration - British Committee's Report" is in the Advertiser,
20 May 1924, page 16c,
"The Immigration Enquiry" on
7 November 1924, page 14b.

"Migration Policies and Perils" is in the Register,
17 December 1924, page 8c.

"Immigration Scheme - Progress and Prospects" is in The Mail,
21 February 1925, page 1d.

"Immigration - The Case for the Maltese" is in the Register,
21 November 1924, page 11d,
Observer,
29 November 1924, page 18a,
"Maltese Migrants" in The News,
17 March 1925, page 6f,
24 October 1925, page 4d,
Register,
26 and 27 May 1925, pages 8d and 9e,
Observer,
5 December 1925, page 36a,
Register,
24 November 1925, page 8e,
2 December 1925, page 11a,
Advertiser,
19 and 22 August 1927, pages 12f and 8f.
"Maltese Dole Stopped" is in the Register,
26 July 1927, page 9f,
"Maltese Migration" in the Register,
28 January 1928, page 10f.

"Migration Agreement" is in the Advertiser,
19 May 1925, page 13b,
5 June 1925, page 13g.

"The Influx of Foreigners" is in the Advertiser,
4 and 5 June 1925, pages 14d and 12g,
"Undesirable Immigrants" on
29 June 1925, page 8d,
"Alien Settlers" on
14 August 1925, page 17g.

"Lies About Australia - Serious Effect on Migration" is in the Advertiser,
13 June 1925, page 17a,
"Natural Increase and Immigration" on
26 October 1925, page 8d.

"Dissatisfied Migrants" is in the Advertiser,
5 November 1925, pages 13a-14a,
"Training and Settlement" on
13 November 1925, page 12f.

"Over-Population and Emigration" is in the Advertiser,
16 November 1925, page 12g,
"Money and Migrants" on
11 January 1926, page 10b; also see
13 and 14 January 1926, pages 10d and 12c.

"Migration" is in the Register,
12 and 26 March 1926, pages 8d and 8c.

"New Settlers' League - Branch Wanted in South Australia" is in the Advertiser,
24 March 1926, page 17c.

"Encouragement of Migration" is in the Advertiser,
26 March 1926, page 15a,
"Progress of Migration" on
9 May 1926, page 8f.

"Immigration and Arbitration" is in the Advertiser,
11 May 1926, page 16c,
"Opportunities for Migrants" on
13 May 1926, page 12f.

"Migration and Development" is in the Advertiser,
2 June 1926, page 12e,
"Migration" on
25 June 1926, page 13d,
10 September 1926, page 12h,
"Mr Gunn and the Migration Commission" on
14 August 1926, page 9g.

"Women Migrants" is in The News,
25 October 1926, page 5d,
"Development and Migration" in the Advertiser,
24 and 29 March 1927, pages 16e and 16c,
"Women Migrants - British Societies Work" on
28 June 1927, page 16d.

"Development and Migration" is in the Register,
24 November 1927, page 11a.

"Fruits of Migration - Thirty Barwell Boys Own Farms" is in The Mail,
3 December 1927, page 2a.

"Successful Migrant Former Barwell Boy" is in The News,
3 May 1928, page 12d.

"Immigration From Canada to Australia [in the 1840s-1850s]" is in the Observer,
30 April 1927, pages 18e-60a.

"Fruits of Migration - Thirty Barwell Boys Own Farms" is in The Mail,
3 December 1927, page 2a.

"Successful Migrant Former Barwell Boy" is in The News,
3 May 1928, page 12d.

"Migration Difficulties" is in the Advertiser,
2 September 1927, page 12g.

"Boy Migrants" is in the Advertiser,
15 September 1927, page 13a,
4, 5, 11 and 24 November 1927, pages 16d, 15c, 12f and 19d.
The arrival of "farm migrants" is reported in the Register,
9 November 1927, page 16a,
26 January 1928, page 9h.

A proposal to form a branch of the "Big Brother Movement" is reported in the Register,
14 and 15 October 1927, pages 10g and 10g; also see
5 December 1927, page 7b,
26 January 1928, page 9h,
4 February 1928, page 12a,
30 July 1928, page 13d.

"Faults at the Other End" is in the Advertiser,
2 November 1927, page 13d,
"Immigration and Empire Settlement" on
27 February 1928, pages 8e-9g,
"Dissatisfied Migrants" on
7 March 1928, page 8e.

"Migration Difficulties" is in the Advertiser,
15 March 1928, page 12d,
"Would-Be Migrants and Their Difficulties" on
20 June 1928, page 12e.

"Migration and Britain's Industrial Needs" is in the Advertiser,
25 July 1928, page 12f,
"Preference for British Migrants" on
30 July 1928, pages 8g-12c,
"Farm Work - Preliminary Training for Migrants" on
2 August 1928, page 16f.

"The Alien Infiltration Bogey" is in the Advertiser,
30 October 1928, page 12d,
"Migration Problems" on
13 December 1928, page 17d.

"British Labor Party and Migration" is in the Advertiser,
26 December 1928, page 8g,
"Migration from Britain's Standpoint" on
7 February 1929, page 12d.

"Foreign Arrivals - Some Work - Some Do Not" is in the Register,
4 January 1929, page 11f.

"Prosperity and Migration" is in the Advertiser,
28 March 1929, page 12e,
"The Language Test for Immigrants" on
19 July 1929, page 16h,
"Useless Migrants" on
25 July 1929, page 9d,
"A Boy Migrant - Example of Success" on
31 July 1929, page 16f.

"Migration and Unemployment" is in the Advertiser,
12 August 1929, page 12f,
16 January 1936, page 14e,
"The Dominions' Attitude to Migration" on
22 October 1929, page 14e,
"Suspension of Migration" on
7 November 1929, page 19d.

A photograph of "Children for Australian Farms" is in the Chronicle,
1 March 1934, page 33.

"Returned Men Oppose Alien Influx" is in The News,
1 September 1937, page 3e.

Immigration - Choose again

South Australia - Immigration

Miscellany

Off to South Australia

General Notes