South Australia - Sport

Football

An Essay on Football

Register

On Saint Patrick's Day in 1843 a conglomerate of expatriate Irishmen announced that:

A few of the colonists from the Emerald Isle intend this day enjoying themselves in honour of their Saint with a game of football. After which with their friends they hope to regale themselves with a portion of an ox to be roasted whole opposite the Market House, Thebarton, this day at 2 pm.

Ten years later Patrick McCarron, proprietor of the Foresters' and Squatters' Arms Hotel, placed an advertisement in the local press:

CHALLENGE

TWELVE MEN of Westmeath offer to PLAY at FOOTBALL twelve men from any of the counties in Ireland, or six each from two counties, at Thebarton on Easter Monday. Play to commence at 12 o'clock.

This game was, apparently, "Caid", a forerunner to Gaelic football, played by teams of interminable number and with unlimited duration, "or until the players were thirsty", coupled with intermittent violence. One of the progenitors of the nascent game of "Aussie Rules" in South Australia was John Acraman, a prominent cricketer and Adelaide business man. He had played English football at both Bath and Clifton and, in the late 1850s, sent "home" for a few round balls. In 1860 he convened a meeting in Rundle Street at the Globe Inn; thus the Adelaide Football Club was born.

The first competitive match occurred when those members living on the north side of the River Torrens (blue caps) waged battle with those from the south side (pink caps). The sides numbered 30 each and about 200 spectators were present, comprising many of the elite of Adelaide. There was not a surfeit of rules and goals were hard to score due to the fact that it necessitated kicking the ball between two upright posts and over a nine foot horizontal bar. The ball "had to be marked before it could be handled"; holding the man and "hacking" were strictly forbidden, but "there was no check on shouldering".

Upon completion of a match a formal presentation of prizes was accorded the winners when smoking caps, hair brushes, handkerchiefs and bootlaces, made or supplied by the ladies, were distributed following a ballot. At a meeting in April 1869 the club decided that "in future the ball [shall] be kicked over instead of under the crossbar of the goal", while a few months later a "game commenced... with 12 a side, this number being afterwards increased to 16..." It was generally supposed that the "Pinks" would win the day but, unfortunately, the ball burst and the game ended. Prior to the establishment of the South Australian Football Association in 1877 the Adelaide club held several important meetings in respect of the rules and conduct of the evolving national game:

The code of playing rules passed by the leading Victorian clubs in 1874 was... adopted... [and] delegates [will] confer with representatives of other clubs, with a view of considering the propriety of introducing the code generally throughout the colony.

The chief alterations in the game as hitherto played in Adelaide are dispensing with the cross bar and top rope in favour of two upright posts of unlimited height and the substitution of an oval football for the round one. As an introduction to the mystiques of the fledgling game a comical farce under the guise of a "monster moonlight" football match was indulged in on the Adelaide Oval:

The ball was on recovery handed for safe-keeping to a gentleman on horseback who galloped with it under his arm towards the city, the crowd following, shouting and jeering till the fleet steed left the excited multitude far behind, and the horseman was able to house the ball safely in the Gresham Hotel... The players put on their coats and retired... in a somewhat disappointed mood at the total failure of the monster moonlight match...

In August 1877 the Port Adelaide and South Adelaide teams assembled on Buck's Flat at Glanville and after "the roughest match played this season" the result was a defeat for the Portonians. As the players were leaving the field an angry crowd of over 200 Port supporters assembled and began hooting and throwing stones at the victors and, later, as the visitors departed in their horse-traps for home, and obligatory celebrations of the defeat of the arch-enemy, they were again subjected to loud abuse. Such was the intensity of the uproar, horses "attached to their vehicles... became almost unmanageable". When a remonstration from the authorities was conveyed to the club, Mr Lock, a Port representative, hastened to place all blame upon the South Adelaide team and accused them of acting in an unfair manner during the game. In a strain all too familiar in the 20th century, he went on to complain about the umpire whose performance he considered had been "anything but impartial"!

By 1882 the Editor of the Register had become alarmed at the prevalence of bad sportsmanship and unruly behaviour. In a discerning editorial he proffered the opinion that "If the sport is to degenerate into an attempt on the part of respective teams to out-larrikin each other, the sooner it is wiped out from the category of respectable pastimes the better."

Today, the violence continues without any sign of abatement and, upon analysis, the current weekly winter jousts must surely equate with the previously declared 19th-century larrikinism which, apparently, was indigenous to the game in those halcyon days. Further, in view of the indifference of today's media, authorities and spectators in seeking means of eliminating or reducing this on-field mayhem, the Latin phrase mali principii malus finis seems most appropriate - "bad beginnings have bad endings"!

Early Football at Kensington and Norwood

(Taken from Geoffrey H. Manning's A Colonial Experience.)

The Kensington Football Club was once described as 'the oldest and once best club in the colony' - In actual fact it was the second club to be formed, the first being the Adelaide Football Club. It would appear that it was formed early in the 1870s, for a report in 1872 of an annual general meeting held at Mr Caterer's schoolroom on Beulah Road, Norwood, mentions a code of rules being adopted and approval given for a uniform which was to be 'the ordinary cricket costume, with a scarlet cap and hoop' [in 1874 it was resolved that the uniform consist of a scarlet cap and jacket with white trousers; in 1881 a black and scarlet guernsey, hose and cap and navy blue knickerbockers]. Mr Mildred kindly consented to allow the club to use a piece of his land as a practice ground, while the club's elected officials were H.R. Perry (Secretary), E. Hallack, H. Phillips, A. Gliddon, H. Hall and A. Bonney.

In the matter of uniform rules the Kensington club was well to the fore, for as early as 1873 it was of the opinion that it was essential that 'The Adelaide, Port Adelaide and suburban clubs [draw] up a standard code of rules for play and that a committee be appointed to carry the proposition into effect.' Those chosen to represent the Kensington club were Messrs Crooks, Moulden and H.H. Perry.

As an introduction to the mystiques of the fledgling game a comical farce under the guise of a 'monster moonlight' football match was indulged in on the Adelaide Oval:

It was about this time that the term 'barrack' was introduced into the game as a definition of an ardent supporters verbal support for the team of his or her fancy. Its first appearance into our language is lost in the mists of time, but one suggestion concludes that it originated from the Imperial troops who, whilst barracked on North Terrace, were frequent and most determined combatants in matches played on the contiguous Exhibition Oval against the 'Kangaroos', as the young colonists were called.

Among those players who represented the Kensington club during the 1870s were Messrs Anthony, Ayers, Berry, A. Bonney, T. Burton, F. Day, W. Day, Foale, A. Frew, A. Gliddon, Glyde, H. Goode, W. Gwynne, H. Hall, R. Hall, T. Hall, E.H. Hallack, A.M. Hargrave, C.T. Hargrave, H.W. Hargrave, A. Harrison, T. James, H. Jay, Meredith, Moulden, H. Muirhead, Muller, C.A. Patterson, F. Perry, H. Perry, H. Phillips, T. Pope, J. Reed, Roberts, Selth, F.G. Stanton, H. Stanton, J. Thomas, Upton, Waterhouse, Wheewall, Wilson, P. Wood, B. Woods and J. Woods.

At a meeting at the Norwood Town Hall in July 1873 the members of both the Kensington cricket and football clubs decided to amalgamate, the committee of the new body being L. Glyde, President, E.T. Smith and Dr Benson, Vice-Presidents, A. Crooks, Treasurer, H.R. Perry, Secretary and Committee, E. Gliddon, J. Wheelwall, B. Moulden, J. Reed, T. Cope, A. Bonney.

The main objective of this committee was to purchase land known as Penn's section for development as an Oval. However, it is apparent that the football arm of the club continued to exist in its own right until 1881, when the South Australian Football League 'accepted the resignation of the Norwood and Kensington Club' and resolved that if any of its members wished to play for another team application should be made in writing to the controlling body.

The Norwood Football Club

It is not my intention to traverse the history of the Norwood Football Club because much has been written and published on its progress since its foundation in 1878. However, in recent times I had the pleasure of reminiscing with two 'old-timers', Joseph Sharp and Harry Leaver, and this is what they had to say to me:

The Reminiscences of Joseph Sharp

'Arthur Diamond, who used to write verse and patter for theatre pantomimes, composed a song to the tune of "Killarney", which the Norwoods sing to this day:

'When the Norwoods came into the arena they had a hot team culled from the different clubs. A.J. Diamond and J.R. Osborne were the leading spirits, with the powerful patronage of the greatest and most cosmopolitan supporter of athletics I have ever known - Sir Edwin T. Smith - whose generosity in connection with my pet sport, rowing, and other organisations with which I was connected, was remarkable.

'I cannot call to mind many names at the moment but I do recollect A.S. Young, Tom Letchford (who gave me the best "buster" I ever experienced on the Norwood ground on the east Park Lands), L.H. Suhard (who came over with a Melbourne team and remained here), George Giffen (swift, strong and kicked like a horse), Joe Traynor, Julian and Ted Wood, Barrett, Harry Burnett, George Liston, Fred Terrell and Tom Blinman...'

The Reminiscences of Harry O. Leaver

'We boys stood to rise or fall by the dear "Old Vics" and we hated the redlegs. Yet in spite of our hatred they carried all before them. But we knew that their victories were due to the importation of men from Melbourne and that only intensified our bitterness. 'As soon as Arthur Diamond came over to Adelaide as manager of Falk & Co's wholesale jewellery warehouse he associated himself with Norwoods. From that moment success came to their net. Arthur Diamond was instrumental in bringing leading Melbourne footballers over who linked up with the Norwoods. I can run through a list of names such as McShane, "Paddy" Roachock, McMichael, "Billy" Bracken, Joe Pollock, Lou Suhard and last, but not least, that grand old player, Joe Traynor - a more gentlemanly player never stepped into the football arena and the secret of his play was that he neglected the man for the ball. What a grand example for the present-day players to follow.

'In those days there was no gate money; the game was played for the pure love of the sport. Thus, although the Norwoods brought men from Melbourne, there was no monetary consideration attached to it, but positions were found for them... Arthur Diamond had great influence... and the Norwood Cricket Club owed its phenomenal success to that gentleman because many of the footballers he brought over also played for the cricket club.

'Joe Traynor himself was a very fair bowler and 'Topsy' Waldron was a regular stonewaller. Traynor, being a Norwoodite, was the sworn enemy of us boys. Didn't he kick the only goal of the day at Montefiore Hill, the Vic's trysting ground when Norwoods and Vics were playing off for the premiership... That game will always live in my memory. I could go to the spot where Joe placed the ball. It was at a most acute angle, close to the clump of trees on the western boundary and it seemed impossible for the leather to be put between the uprights from such an angle.

'I think Joe must have sent up a fervent prayer for the wind to favour him as he was placing the ball. One could almost hear the proverbial pin drop. Would he do it? After measuring off his ground, Joe turned, ran, and kicked. The ball sailed fair and square in front of the posts, seemed to pause for a moment in mid-air, then the breeze caught it and gently carried it between the sticks. The suspense gave way to excitement; excitement gave way to a roar like thunder. The redlegs were beside themselves with joy. It was a great game.

'I met genial Joe Sharp in the street the other day and asked if he remembered the song composed after they had licked the Vics. There was fire in Joe's eyes as he recalled the game. He began to warble, to the tune of "Killarney", part of the war cry, and on going into his office he put it on paper for me, but could not recall the chorus. To that part of the song I am indebted to Eric Tassie - the following is the chorus:

Cheer the bonnie red and blue,
Cheer the colours fast and true,
Keep their honour still in view,
Forward men of Norwood.

'Topsy' Waldron Remembers

'Topsy' Waldron was an astute leader, a born footballer, while his dodging was phenomenal. It was said that the ball followed him, but the fact was that he had an uncanny judgement as to where the ball was going, and he knew, intuitively, what to do with it the instant he got it. More than that he saw every weak spot in his own side as well as that of the opponents and how to remedy one and take advantage of the other. It has been said that he was brought to South Australia by the Norwood club, but in a recent conversation with Mr Waldron he told me:

I was born at Mornington, Victoria, in 1857, and in my youth moved to Melbourne with my parents and joined a junior football team known as the 'Montagues'. At that time football was more like 'stacks on the mill'. One man would get the ball and the others would try to deprive him of possession. The umpire would be a man chosen from the crowd that had gathered. He would pull off his coat and perform the important role as central umpire.

From the 'Montagues' I went to Albert Park, which was the first team in which I took a keen interest. In course of time I went to Carlton and from there I came to Norwood and played for the easterners in their second year of existence; that was in 1879. Norwood had annexed the premiership in the previous year and did the same for the next five years.

He was thoroughly at home with his new team and his performances did much towards winning nine premierships from 1879 to 1890, the latter being the last premiership side in which he played. Shortly afterwards he gave up the game. He recalled how, in 1890, while playing Fitzroy at the home ground, the arena was flooded and said that the ball floated throughout the match and the players did not worry about changing ends or having spells between quarters.

Comparing the game of today (1910) with that of the period when he played he was a little dubious. Finally, he said :

Our 1888 team was a wonderfully strong side. Of course, there are many good players now, but there is not the same amount of individual effort as we saw from Jack Daly, Jack Woods and Jack Watson. However, the football is not so good as it used to be because there is too much handball now.

A Personal Reminiscence

L.C. Shuard was probably the greatest place kick that ever played in South Australia and he was of inestimable value in kicking off. In those days the side that lost the toss, or had a goal kicked against it, kicked off from the centre and he always operated for Norway, landing the ball among the opposing backs.

Football lost a great player when George Giffen determined to confine his energies to cricket. He would cap brilliant runs that paralysed all opposition with superb kicks, turning in a moment the whole tide of play. Joe Osborn, Norwood's first captain, was handicapped by the loss of an eye in a bow and arrow accident in his youth and was always nervous about any one coming on his blind side. He never spoke about it, and few knew about it. Many spoke of Joe Traynor as the 'Prince of Followers'. Perhaps he was, but he might also have been dubbed the 'Prince of Growlers', for throughout a game he growled and grumbled, but that was all that could be said against him. He was conscious of his shortcomings, but declared that it was only good-natured criticism.

Billy Bracken was the funny man of the team. A fine, tricky player, he was a difficult man to watch, but he was one of the most consistently crooked kicks I ever saw. He would have been a better backman. No one was more conscious of his lack of success as a goal kicker, but he explained it by declaring that his right foot squinted and his left foot was blind! Those were the shining lights of the team, though Joe Pollock, an indefatigable follower of infinite grit, must not be forgotten, nor Arthur Terrell and Fred Letchford, the youngest members of the team, who were brilliant wingmen.

Little marks were a feature of the game then, and it is little wonder that the Football Council abolished them. A player with the ball would put up his foot, as if to kick, and throw the ball to a comrade. Nine times out of ten the foot did not touch the ball. It made a very close scrambling game, which could not be compared with the more scientific passing of today. Handball, one of the most delightful phases of today's game was unknown in the early days.

With the elimination of the little mark, the interminable scrambling on the boundary whenever the ball went out has disappeared from the game. The umpire threw the ball in and it had to touch the ground before it was in play. The followers were all crowded and as soon as a player saw the ball was coming in badly for his side he touched it. If that system had been continued the Australian game would not be as popular as it is today. Another feature of early football was that each side appointed its own goal umpire and it might be taken for granted that when a goal was signalled there was no shadow of a doubt about it!

To me it seems as if some of the old-time players stood out more than the dons of today, but it is a question whether that is not due to the greater all-round excellence of the teams that now go on to the field. It would require a superman to stand out from the talent round him with the surpassing brilliance that characterised such men as Waldron, Traynor and McMichael.

Also see Glenelg - "Sport and Recreation" for additional football history.

General Notes

"Goals of Sixty Years" appears in the Advertiser (special edition),
1 September 1936, page 77.

"When the Game Was Young" is in the Register,
23 September 1927, page 5d.

The Southern Australian of
17 March 1843 carries a report of colonists "from the Emerald Isle" intent upon playing a football match at Thebarton; also see
Register,
28 March 1853, page 1e.

A history of the Australian game is within an article "Rugby and Australian Games" which appears in the Register,
12 June 1899, page 6d.
A photograph of an Adelaide rugby team is in The Critic,
24 July 1907, page 10;
also see 1 July 1914, page 16.
Its introduction to South Australia and other historical information is in the Register,
17 August 1908, page 3c;
also see 4 October 1924, page 9g.

"Origin of the Game" is in the Register,
25 April 1914, page 13a.

"Historic Football - Interesting Recollections" is in the Register,
1 July 1907, page 5a,
"Early Football - The Famous Old Vics" on 29 September 1924, page 5c,
4 October 1924, page 9g.

An obituary of a pioneer footballer, F. Warren, is in the Register,
3 January 1891, page 4h.

"Old Time Memories - Goals Kicked Then and Now" is in the Observer,
11 July 1891, page 42a,
"Football Memories - By Old-Timer" on 21 October 1911, page 20b,
"Old-Time Footballers - Some Memories" on 14 February 1916, page 15c.

Early matches are described in the Observer, .
8 January 1927, page 59c.

The formation of the Adelaide Football Club is reported in the Register,
27 April 1860, page 3a;
also see 30 April 1860, page 2h,
21 and 28 April 1860, pages 3f and 2h.

A football match is reported in the Register, 17 September 1860, page 3e:

Register

Further information on the Adelaide Football Club is in the Register,
21 May 1860, page 3f; also see
28 May 1860, page 2h,
Observer,
2 June 1860, page 3d,
7 July 1860, page 8c,
4 and 18 August 1860, pages 4h and 1h (supp.),
22 September 1860, page 3b,
10 May 1862, page 8d,
29 August 1863, pages 5a-1f (supp.),
5 and 19 September 1863, pages 5a and 4e,
10 October 1863, page 7e,
Register,
13 and 23 May 1864, pages 3a and 2h,
25 July 1865, page 2h,
Express,
27 April 1868, page 2d,
29 May 1868, page 2b,
25 July 1868, page 2d,
8 April 1869, page 2d,
30 April 1873, page 2d,
Chronicle,
17 May 1873, page 4d.
A meeting called to reorganise the club is reported in the Observer,
5 August 1876, page 12d.
Its almalgamation with Kensington Club and its subsequent disbandment is reported on
16 April 1881, page 682e and
4 June 1881, page 975d; also see
Express,
26 March 1885, page 4b,
13 October 1885, page 4c,
9, 11 and 15 September 1886, pages 2f, 3b and 3e,
7 October 1886, page 4c,
22 March 1888, page 4e,
8 March 1889, page 4c.

An article on Mr H.C.A. Harrison of Victoria, "The Founder of Football", is in the Express,
31 July 1911, page 2h;
his reminiscences appear on
2 August 1911, page 3i.

Football matches "by moonlight" are reported in the Observer,
26 September 1863, page 4g,
3 October 1863, page 4f,
Register,
25 January 1864, page 2h.

A match, Adelaide versus 14th Regiment is reported in the Express,
13 May 1867, page 2e; also see
8 July 1867, page 2c,
17 April 1871, page 2d,
1, 5 and 8 May 1871, pages 3c, 2d and 2c,
26 May 1871, page 2c,
21 and 24 July 1871, pages 2d and 2c,
18 and 26 August 1871, pages 2d and 2c,
1 and 4 September 1871, pages 2c and 2e,
6 May 1872, page 2c,
29 June 1872, page 2b,
12 July 1872, page 2d,
5 and 19 August 1872, pages 2d and 2g,
2 September 1872, page 2f.

A concert given by club members is reported in the Express,
7 March 1868, page 2c.

A "monster moonlight" football match is discussed in the Chronicle,
28 July 1877, page 16c:

500 spectators assembled... including about 100 larrikins... On the ball accidentally being driven amongst the spectators, the larrikin element was most audibly and forcibly exhibited, as shouts and yells arose, and the ball was kicked hither and thither by the multitude... [Later] the ball was again seized by the larrikins... The ball was on recovery handed for safe-keeping to a gentleman on horseback who galloped with it under his arm towards the city, the crowd following, shouting and jeering till the fleet steed left the excited multitude far behind, and the horseman was able to house the ball safely in the Gresham Hotel... The players put on their coats and retired... in a somewhat disappointed mood at the total failure of the monster moonlight match...

A football match, Adelaide versus Port Adelaide, is reported in the Chronicle,
27 May 1871, page 4f.
Also see Port Adelaide.

Football played under moonlight on the North Parklands in January 1884, is recalled in the Register,
11 December 1902, page 4h.

The first match played "outside Adelaide" at Woodville between Adelaide and Port and Suburban Clubs is reported in the Observer,
6 June 1868, page 6g; also see
4 July 1868, page 6a.

A match North Adelaide versus Collegians is discussed in the Observer,
8 August 1868, page 3e.

A meeting of the Adelaide Football Club is reported in the Observer,
10 April 1869, page 5e where it was decided that "in future the ball [shall] be kicked over instead of under the crossbar of the goal."

A match of North Adelaide versus South Adelaide is reported in the Observer,
10 July 1869, page 7f:

It was generally supposed that [the Pinks] would win the day, but unfortunately the ball burst and the game was ended...
(Observer, 17 July 1869, page 5c.)

A "scratch match" arranged by the South Australian Football Club is reported in the Observer,
21 May 1870, page 8b; also see
22 April 1871, page 8a and Port Adelaide - Sports.

A photograph of Kensington football players of the 1870s is in the Observer,
3 April 1909, page 29.

A match between the Adelaide and Port Adelaide clubs is reported in the Observer,
27 May 1871, page 8d.

"Old Time Footballers - Game Memories" is in the Observer,
19 February 1916, page 15c.

"66 Years of SA Football" is covered in a series of articles in The News commencing on 16 July 1936, page 4f;
they include the history of clubs, interstate matches, etc.

"Football in Early Days - How League Clubs Were Formed" is in The News,
19 March 1924, page 3e,
"Fathers of Football" on
22 April 1926, page 10f,
"Real Genesis of District Football" in the Observer,
24 August 1929, page 24c.

"Old Time Football History" is in The Mail,
11 May 1912, page 12a.

An annual general meeting of the Adelaide Football Club is reported in the Observer,
3 May 1873, page 7f.

An article on football is in the Register,
6 May 1873, page 6f; also see
14 May 1873, page 5e.

Information on the South Adelaide Football Club is in the Observer,
25 March 1876, page 7d,
15 April 1876, page 5d:

(For information on the club see Express,
13 April 1876, page 2d,
8 July 1876, page 2c,
19 and 22 August 1876, pages 2e and 2g,
2 and 7 July 1877, pages 2g and 2d,
3 October 1877, page 2d,
10 July 1878, page 3d,
19 May 1879, page 3b,
21 March 1881, page 2f,
27 October 1885, page 4c,
8 and 11 September 1886, pages 5e and 3a,
17 March 1888, page 4c,
9 March 1889, page 4d,
21 March 1890, page 4c,
17 March 1892, page 4c,
2 and 9 March 1893, pages 3h and 4c,
5 October 1893, page 2d,
9 March 1895, page 6f,
14 and 23 June 1897, pages 4a and 3e,
31 March 1898, page 4e,
6 April 1905, page 3g.)

For information on football matches, etc., see Express,
10, 15, 17, 22 and 24 July 1876, pages 3b, 2e, 2g, 3f and 3b,
12, 26 and 29 August 1876, pages 2c-d, 2d and 3d,
2 and 6 September 1876 ,pages 2e and 3f,
1 and 8 May 1877, pages 3g and 2d,
Observer,
22 April 1876, page 4g,
8 July 1876, page 5d for a game "played according to old Adelaide rules" and
15 and 29 July 1876, pages 5e and 10f,
5 August 1876, page 12d,
Express,
28 August 1878, page 2c,
2 September 1878, page 3d,
5, 10 and 24 May 1879, pages 3f, 2c and 3c,
Observer,
24 November 1883, page 18c,
19 April 1884, page 19c.
A photograph of a team in the 1880s is in the Chronicle,
22 April 1905, page 26.

A meeting of the Austral Football Club is reported in the Observer,
13 May 1876, page 6g.

The "fifth of a series of matches under Melbourne rules" is commented upon in the Register,
21 August 1876, page 6e,
4 September 1876, page 7a,
Observer,
26 August 1876, page 20a,
while an informative article on a game in transition appears on 14 April 1877, page 10a under the heading "Coming Football Season."

Information on the Glenelg Football Club is in the Observer, 17 June 1876.
Also see Glenelg - "Sport and Recreation" for additional history.

A meeting of clubs to consider a uniform code of rules is reported in the Observer,
22 July 1876, page 3g:

The "fifth of a series of matches under Melbourne rules" is commented upon in the Observer,
26 August 1876, page 20a,
while an informative article on a game in transition appears on
14 April 1877, page 10a under the heading "Coming Football Season".

A proposed Bankers Football Club is discussed in the Observer,
7 April 1877, page 7e; also see
21 April 1877, page 4b,
9 June 1877, page 10a.

"The Coming Football Season" is in the Register,
9 April 1877, page 7a; also see
7, 11, 15 and 20 June 1877, pages 5f, 7b, 7e and 7c:

It may be safely asserted that there is no more dangerous pastime than football. The majority of players are physically unfit to undertake the exhaustion...

The Observer of
21 April 1877, page 7f has a report on "a large meeting of gentlemen interested in football... for the purpose of forming an association."
Also see 5 and 12 May 1877, pages 7b and 12a and
Chronicle,
28 April 1877, page 16f.

A fatal football accident is reported in the Register,
6 and 11 June 1877, pages 4e and 7b,
Observer,
9 and 16 June 1877, pages 7a and 17g;
also see Register,
20 June 1877, page 5a.

The names of players selected for "an inter-colonial team" are in the Observer,
16 June 1877, page 2f; also see
19 July 1877, page 2g,
9, 10, 13, 14, 17 and 20 August 1877, pages 2b, 2e, 2f, 3f, 2b and 2f.

An interstate football match, SA Natives versus Saint Kilda, is reported in the Register,
21 August 1877, page 7c; also see
3 October 1877 (supp.), page 2e for a review of the season's play.

Reminiscences of the "first" interstate football match in South Australia are in the Observer,
29 June 1929, page 42e and
those of George E. Downs, the captain of the first State team in The News,
31 July 1930, page 12d.

"Football Larrikinism" is in the Express,
10 August 1877, page 3e.

"The Season of 1877" is in the Register,
3 October 1877, page 2e (supp.).

The reminiscences of "Joe" Sharp are in the Observer,
11 October 1924, page 47a.

Meetings of the SA Football Association are reported in the Express,
6 April 1878, page 2d,
18 and 31 May 1878, pages 3c and 3e,
Observer,
13 April 1878, page 6a,
5 and 26 April 1879, pages 11c and 13g;
the latter considered new rules which prohibited "tripping, hacking, rabbiting and slinging",
Express,
23 July 1880, page 2c,
22 April 1886, page 4b.

A poem and cartoon on "Ye Football Fights" are in The Lantern,
8 June 1878, page 9 and 13 July 1878.

"Adelaide Footballers in Victoria" is in the Chronicle,
24 August 1878, page 7b.

A spectator;s view of the game is in the Chronicle,
30 March 1878:

Unless there is a radical change the fair sex will have to give up patronising the sport; for although black eyes and bloody noses may amuse them, they have to turn their heads when a fellow has to creep away half-naked, with only part of his clothes hanging to him in rags. About 30 0r 35 years ago it was a fair, healthy game... kicking and brutal scrimmages and cowardly blows were unknown...

A proposed visit by an English football team is reported in the Observer,
22 February 1879, page 12b; it held itself out to be "willing to meet clubs... playing under... the Victorian code of rules [and play] half the matches under such rules and half under the Rugby Union rules."

A letter expressing concern at brutal play in football is in the Register,
2 August 1879, page 6g:

"Football in South Australia" is in the Observer, 12 July 1879, page 5e:

One of the wisest actions... was the prohibition of slinging by or round the neck... [It] has been abolished for some time past in Victoria...
(Observer, 10 April 1880, page 598e.)

A proposed match against Geelong is discussed in the Observer,
19 July 1879, page 5e; also see
26 July 1879, page 6a.

An obituary of W.B. Griffiths, "the originator of the electorate football system", is in the Observer,
5 December 1914, page 42a.
"The Real Genesis of District Football" is in the Observer,
24 August 1929, page 24c.

A photograph of the 1879 South Park football team is in the Observer,
15 August 1908, page 30; also see
Express,
7 August 1878, page 3c,
28 September 1878, page 2e,
28 April 1879, page 3e,
11 October 1879, page 2c,
20 March 1883, page 4a.

A summary of the 1879 football season is in the Register,
14 October 1879 (supp.), page 1e.

Information on Gov Jervois as a patron of the Football Association is in the Register,
9 and 10 April 1880, pages 4e and 6c; also see
8 May 1880, page 6d and
3 June 1880, page 6f,
6 May 1882 (supp.), page 1f,
25 September 1882 (supp.), page 1b,
2 October 1883, page 6e for sundry football notes; also see Express,
16 April 1884, page 3e,
19 July 1884, page 4a.

Information on a junior football association is in the Express,
25 March 1880, page 2b.

An interesting letter headed "Football and Footballers" is in the Register,
18 May 1880 (supp.), page 1f - "The ability to keep an even temper is one of the grandest qualities of a football player...".

A South Adelaide v Norwood match is commented upon in the Observer,
22 May 1880, page 839a:

I must congratulate the long-suffering, ill-used South Adelaide Club on being able to go through an afternoon's play without a quarrel... Two mounted constables completely awed and held the roughs in check, so much so that they were unable to interfere with the players. The larrikins were unable to rush the ground, consequently the game terminated in a satisfactory manner.

The Observer of 24 July 1880, page 134d says:

The Sydney footballers have... succeeded in adopting a code of rules similar to the the Victorian rules, and on Saturday last the first game under the new regime was played at Moore Park.

A sketch of a match is in Frearson's Weekly,
24 July 1880, page 305.

A threatened expulsion of the South Adelaide Club from the association is reported in the Observer,
4 and 25 September 1880, pages 390c and 531b.
A photograph of an 1880s team is in the Observer,
5 July 1913, page 32.

A sketch of a match is in the Pictorial Australian in
July 1880,
October 1881, page 152,
May 1888, page 68.

Information on the Victorian Football Club in Adelaide is in the Express,
9 October 1880, page 3f.

An interesting letter in respect of the virtues of Cricket and Football vis a vis Music is in the Register, 26 April 1881 (supp.), page 1d:

The late Mr Carlyle once spoke of a section of London society as being principally composed of beer and skittles. I'm afraid if the Adelaideians were to twit any other town or city with such a charge they would be reminded of the old adage of what should not be done by persons who inhabit houses of glass.

The season of 1881 is discussed in the Express,
7 May 1881, page 3g.

A meeting of the Adelaide and Suburban Football Association is reported in the Observer,
25 March 1882, page 12b;
also see Register,
22 May 1885, page 7g,
Express,
8 April 1885, page 3e,
7 April 1886, page 3g,
2 April 1889, page 4e,
11 October 1892, page 4d.

A sports reporter of the Observer ventured the following opinion of a match on 4 June 1881, page 975c:

From start to finish what were intended for playgrounds were converted into... savage battlefields, upon which those who called themselves men tried to injure their fellow-men by all natural means in their power...

"The Football Season of 1881" is in the Express,
15 October 1881, page 3c,
"The Coming Football Season" on
6 May 1882, page 3c.

A description of a footballer is in the Register,
20 June 1882, page 5b:

[He] never wears more than one ear, and about the same number of eyes; his nose looks like a bit of liver stretched across a thimble; one arm is bent backwards at the elbow; he appears to have two left legs and he carries as much scalp to the square inch as a catfish does... It is mostly played by married men, people who live next door to cornet players, and all other persons who are tired of their own existence.

A meeting of the Adelaide and Suburban Football Association is reported in the Observer,
25 March 1882, page 12b; also see
Express,
8 April 1885, page 3e,
7 April 1886, page 3g,
2 April 1889, page 4e,
11 October 1892, page 4d.

"Football Notes" is in the Register,
26 August 1882, page 2a (supp.), 3 May 1884, page 7e, 22 August 1885, page 3g,
"Football Disputes" on 8 May 1884, page 5a.

A match between South Adelaide and combined Sydney clubs is in the Observer,
12 July 1884, page 20b; also see
Express,
27 and 30 June 1884, pages 3b and 3c,
2 and 7 July 1884, pages 7d and 3b.

A review of the 1884 season is in the Register,
30 September 1884, page 2e (supp.).

Information on the North Park Football Club is in the Express,
17 October 1884, page 4a.

The Register of 16 April 1885 at page 4g reports that:

Charges of unnecessarily rough play have frequently been made against individual members of clubs and last year the matter formed the subject of a Police Court enquiry... If the Association wants to make football a more popular pursuit it must put an end to such scenes as have formerly at times disgraced the colony.

An Aboriginal football match is reported in the Express,
30 May 1885, page 2f; also see
4 July 1885, page 3b.
"Blackfellows v Whites" is in the Chronicle,
6 June 1885, page 15b,
"Aborigines v Combined Colleges" on
11 July 1885, page 15c.

A series of poems titled "Our Footballers" commences in The Lantern
on 23 May 1885, page 21.

A match under electric light on the Adelaide Oval is reported in the Register on
2 July 1885, page 5h.
"Night Football Experiment" is in The News,
17 August 1933, page 2f.
For a sports event under lights see Chronicle,
2 March 1889, page 15c.

"Footballers and Benefit Societies" is in the Observer,
22 August 1885, page 29b.

A correspondent to the Register on 23 March 1886, page 6e opines that:

Register

A dispute with the SACA respecting the division of profits of football matches is reported in the Express,
17, 19, 20 and 21 April 1886, pages 4b, 3f, 3e and 6g,
Register,
20 April 1886, pages 5a-7f; also see
21, 22, 23 and 24 April 1886, pages 6b, 6g-7d, 7g and 3f.
"Sunday Football" is in the Advertiser,
16 and 21 June 1886, pages 7g and 7g.

"Sunday Football" is in the Advertiser,
16 and 21 June 1886, pages 7g and 7g.

A cartoon titled "What Football Has Come To" is in The Lantern,
14 August 1886, page 25.

Following a match between Adelaide and Norwood which was marred by rough play a correspondent to the Advertiser on 5 August 1886, page 7c says:

For the honour of the good old game and the South Australian spirit of fairness, let each player do his best to elevate the sport rather than bring into it all the elements of the larrikin...

A retrospect of the season is in the Express,
11 September 1886, page 3a.

Biographical details of Albert Clark are in the Register,
31 December 1886, page 5b, 3 January 1887, page 3h.

A football fixture list is in the Express,
19 April 1887, page 4b.

A correspondent to the Register on 15 July 1887 at page 6e airs his grievances:

I would like to draw attention to the fearful mania that exists... over the game of football... One is everlastingly hearing the sickening and monotonous conversation pertaining to [the game] no matter where you be... This is a growing evil and it is high time it was checked...

The Editor was sympathetic to this complaint and on 16 July 1887 at page 4h says:

It does not speak well for the tastes of the people that this state of things should exist... Football which is at present the fashion, will by-and-by cease to hold such a prominent place in the community...

Football and Footballers" is in the Register,
16 July 1887, page 4h.

A letter from a Norwood player accused of rough play is in the Register on 16 July 1887, page 6h:

My great crime is that I wear red-and-blue clothes on the football field... Innocent or guilty some of the clubs wanted to get me out of the way for a match or so...

For other opinions of the events surrounding the charge see Register,
18, 19, 20 and 22 July 1887, pages 6f, 6e, 3b and 7d and
Advertiser,
18, 19, 20 and 22 July 1887, pages 7d, 7e, 5g and 6d.

"The Proposed Intercolonial Football Matches" is in the Chronicle,
3 March 1888, page 15f.

Problems between South Adelaide and Port Adelaide are aired in the Advertiser,
10 September 1887, page 6b.

A retrospect of the season is in the Express,
21 September 1887, page 7e.

"The Football Dispute" is in the Register,
5 and 7 May 1888, pages 5a-c-6f-7g and 3e:

I, with a large number of Norwood supporters, are to be debarred... I am not an egoist, but would point out to those clubs, that without Norwood's football will lose a lot of the excitement of last season...
(Also see Register,
22 May 1888, page 7b,
28 August 1888, page 7f,
14 September 1888, page 7h.)

The first meeting of the United Football Association of SA is reported in the Express,
10 May 1888, page 3g; also see
27 March 1889, page 7e,
6 April 1889, page 4e.

The benefits of military training vis a vis engaging in cricket and football are discussed in the Register, 19 June 1888, page 7e; also see
24 July 1888, page 7g:

When can you look at a tramcar laden with a goodly number of youths or meet a concourse of such in any of the suburban or city streets without the names of "Norwoods", "Port" or "Souths" falling on the ear...

"Football in the Eighties - Men I Met and Admired" is in the Advertiser,
21 and 28 June 1923, pages 14f and 14f,
5 July 1923, page 6e.

"Football Memories - When Behinds Counted Nil" is in The Mail,
21 June 1924, page 10a.

Portraits of A.M. Pettinger and F. Mehrtens are in The Lantern,
11 and 18 June 1887, pages 10 and 10.

"Football Amenities" is in the Register,
15 September 1888, page 5a.

A poem on an interstate match is in The Lantern,
13 October 1888, page 19.

A satirical poem on the game is in the Observer,
31 August 1889, page 26d - one stanza reads:

Mark how yon demon's savage eyeball glare! See in his mouth some tufts of Tommy's hair! While at his side, alert, bold Spieler stands With some of Micky's whiskers in his hands! And look! yon panting tiger in the rear Just throwing away a fragment of an ear!

A retrospect of the season is in the Express,
3 October 1889, page 4e.

An amusing letter describing a football match is in the Register,
17 May 1890, page 3g:

I... enter an indignant and strong protest against a blackguard minority of the spectators who polluted the pure air with a filthy torrent of blasphemous and obscene utterances... Our manhood, our reputations cry aloud for this evil to be repressed. Awaken! sleepy law...

"Old Football Memories" are in the Register,
4 July 1891, page 7a.

Biographical details of Stanley Evans, secretary of the league from 1890-1895, are in the Register,
21 April 1928, page 13e.

A suggestion as to the origin of the term "barracker" is in the Observer,
11 July 1891, page 42c:

Probably originated from the fact that the Imperial troops, who occupied barracks on North Terrace, were frequent and determined combatants in the old-time football matches with the "kangaroos", as the young early colonists were then called...

An interesting letter on the subject of "Football Reform" is in the Register,
17 July 1888, page 7f, while on
18 June 1892 at page 5b it is said:

The worst form of the game is seen when its criminally heedless rough-and-tumble brings profit to the doctor, the crutches-maker and the undertaker.

"Football and Blackguardism" is in the Express,
26 August 1889, page 2b.

"Mr Waldron's Umpiring" is in the Register,
27 June 1891, page 6e.
"Waldron Looks Back" is in The News,
3 April 1926, page 1d.

A match between jockeys and bookmakers is reported in the Express,
28 August 1891, page 2b.

A retrospect of the season is in the Express,
21 September 1891, page 3c,
3 October 1892, page 3d,
2 October 1893, page 4b,
13 October 1894, page 6b,
20 September 1897, page 4c,
11 September 1899, page 4c.

An editorial on various aspects of the game, including payment of players and umpires, is in the Advertiser, 14 May 1892, page 4d:

Various suggestions have been made since a local umpire fainted under his load of care, but there appears to be a simple and effective remedy - let the football umpire's duties be deputed to another, who shall require no qualification but good staying power... He shall follow the ball, and throw it in when it goes out of bounds.

An umpire is the subject of complaint in the Register, 2 August 1892, page 6g:

Instead of allowing [him] to umpire again, the Association should have a wooden automaton made, wind it up for two hours and if it can be made to run well it would give as much satisfaction to the players and general public as was given last Saturday...

An annual meeting of the SAFA is reported in the Register,
7 April 1892, page 7d.

A report on two players disqualified for life for "striking" and others censured for rough play is in the Register,
13 September 1892, page 3g; also see
20 April 1895, page 7b.

An informative article on many aspects of the game appears under the heading "South Adelaide - The Premiers" in the Advertiser,
3 October 1892, page 6c.

A report of the South Adelaide club's annual social is in the Advertiser,
2 March 1893, page 6a.
Editorials on the sport appear on
20 May 1893, page 4f,
8 July 1893, page 4f.

"Football" is in the Express,
20 May 1893, page 5g.

An attack on an umpire is reported in the Register,
7 August 1893, page 7e:

Register

A letter from an umpire is in the Register,
18 September 1893, page 3f:

[At tribunals] charges of fighting have been declared trivial, although thousands of people witnessed them, many of whom now stay away from football sooner than risk a repetition of the sight... Committeemen who abuse umpires in filthy and disgusting language cannot consistently be severe on players who do the same. That such men have voices in the ruling of football in South Australia is the pity of it...

A photograph of an 1894 State team is in the Chronicle,
27 September 1924, page 38.

"A Footballer's Song" is in the Register,
30 June 1894, page 5b.

A North versus South country match is reported in the Express,
20 August 1894, page 4a.

"Football is Out" is in the Register,
11 October 1894, page 4g.

In 1895 a "native" (sic) team attempted to enter the SA Football Association.
For its initial rebuff and subsequent events see Register,
2, 3, 4 and 9 April, pages 5c, 3e, 7c and 5b-7e.

"Football Trains to Gawler" is in the Observer,
6 July 1895, page 32b.

"Professionals" is in the Observer,
23 April 1887, page 18e.

The Register of 25 May 1895, page 4f has an entertaining editorial on "professionalism" in the game:

It is satisfactory to learn that "professionalism", if not completely dead, is hiding its head this season. According to an authority "the paid player is not nearly so prominent". It is time this migratory hydra-headed creature had its wanderings stopped... Football [once] seemed doomed to degenerate into a game played for money, witnessed for money, and used as a vehicle for wagering money...

"The Decline of Football" is in the Advertiser,
19 October 1895, page 4g.

A dispute with the Victorian Association is reported in the Register,
17 September 1895, page 7g.
A meeting of the association is reported in the Express,
11 August 1896, page 4d.

"A Football Crisis" is in the Advertiser,
9 May 1896, page 4f:

The good old times when matches were played on the park lands or other unenclosed ground for the mere love of amusement have passed away, no doubt, for ever... The sentiment of today sees no discredit to a player in looking to his club to defray the cost of his training costume and every other expense that can be regarded as incidental to the game.

"Is Football Doomed" is in the Register,
16 May 1896, page 4h:

The attempt has never been made to class football amongst the fine arts... It is the element of professionalism which is believed to have led to the withdrawal of much of the support previously accorded it.

On 10 April 1897 at page 4i the Editor of the Register says:

Football which had long been under a cloud of popular disfavour - a circumstance almost entirely traceable to the manner in which a good game was abused by rough play and larrikinism - somewhat recovered in public estimation last year.
(Register, 7 May 1898, page 4e.)

"District Football Clubs" is in the Register,
27 October 1896, page 4e.

"New Rules of the Australasian Game" is in the Observer,
27 March 1897, page 20b.

"Experiments in Football" is in the Advertiser,
15 May 1897, page 4g,
"A Galvanized Game" on
25 September 1897, page 4g.

"The Winter Game" is in the Advertiser,
21 May 1898, page 4f,
"Football and Federation" on
6 July 1898, page 4e,
"Football" in the Register,
6 August 1898, page 4g.

"A Fancy Costume Football Match" in the Observer,
20 August 1898, page 16a.

"Winter Sports" is in the Register,
3 May 1902, page 4d - in respect of football it is said:

Football is not the best exercise for youths with spindle knees and narrow chests, or for the physically strong who do not possess a cool head and a temper well under control...

The names of individual players of six teams are in the Express,
4 May 1901, page 4c.

"Rowdyism at Football" is in the Express,
23 August 1901, page 2b.

"A Football Dispute - Port Adelaide Refuse to Play - Object to Umpire" is in the Register,
2, 6 and 9 September 1902, pages 3d, 6f and 4f-6h.

Photographs of Alfred Dawes, Alfred Marlow and Frank Coffee (umpire) are in The Critic,
26 May 1900, page 6,
of S. Reedman and A Skewes on 30 June 1900, page 20.

The first annual general meeting of the South Adelaide Electorate Football Club is reported in the Express,
2 April 1900, page 4c.

The opening of the 1900 season is discussed in the Express,
5 May 1900, page 7e.

A photograph of a State football team is in The Critic,
29 June 1901, page 6;
of delegates to the SA Football Association on 17 August 1901, page 9.

A photograph of "a mark in front of goal" is in the Chronicle,
24 May 1902, page 41 and
of the South Australian team on
5 July 1902, page 40.

"Footballers' Songs" is in the Register,
18 August 1902, page 4f.

"A Football Dispute - Port Adelaide Refuse to Play" is in the Register,
2 September 1902, page 3d.

"Football and the Adelaide Oval" is in the Register,
17 and 24 March 1903, pages 4e and 4g.

Photographs of the opening of the season are in the Chronicle,
9 May 1903, page 44; also see
20 May 1905, page 28.

"Not Association Football" is in the Register,
31 August 1903, page 4f.

"A Football Crisis" is in the Observer,
12 March 1904, page 19e.

"Football and the Jubilee Oval" is in the Register,
2 June 1904, page 7g,
"Football and Agriculture", dealing with the Adelaide and Jubilee Ovals, is in the Register,
2 September 1904, page 4d.

"Footballers Quarreling - Norwood's Retort" is in the Register,
18, 23 and 24 August 1904, pages 7e, 6h and 7f.

"Football and Sports" is in the Register,
17 September 1904, page 6e.

"The Football Dispute" concerning a venue for a grand final match is reported upon in the Advertiser,
16 September 1904, page 5f.

"Larrikinism and Football" is in the Register,
16 May 1905, page 4f; also see
Advertiser,
16 May 1905, page 4e.

"Baiting the Umpire" is in the Express,
10 July 1905, page 2c.

A football match on skates is reported in the Express,
12 July 1905, page 2d.

The introduction of boundary umpires is reported in the Register,
30 June 1906, page 7a,
2 July 1906, page 4e.

A photograph of the Adelaide & Suburban football team is in the Observer,
16 June 1906, page 30.

"A Football Row - Fight Between Players" is in the Express,
6 and 7 August 1906, pages 4f and 3f.

"Anxious Spectators" is in the Register,
17 September 1906, page 4e.

"The Winter Game" is in the Register,
30 March 1907, page 6d,
"At the Football - What the Crowd Thought" on
30 September 1907, page 4i.

A photograph of Ralph Aldersey, captain of an SA team, is in The Critic,
29 May 1907, page 10.

Photographs of State teams are in The Critic,
10 July 1907, page 13,
31 July 1907, page 10.

A photograph of a University football team is in The Critic,
21 August 1907, page 6.
Information on the University Football Club is in the Observer,
20 March 1909, page 19e.

"Youths on the Oval" is in the Register,
30 September 1907, page 4f-i.

Histories of football clubs are in the Advertiser,
11 July 1908, page 11b (Norwood),
18 July 1908, page 9a (South Adelaide),
25 July 1908, page 9a (Port Adelaide),
1 August 1908, page9 (North Adelaide),
8 August 1908, page 9a (West Torrens),
15 August 1908, page 9a (Sturt);
"Ups and Downs of Football - The Aspirations of Sturt" on
15 May 1909, page 9h.
For additional information on the West Torrens club see The News,
25 September 1924, page 10a.

Discussions in reference to the admission of the University club into the League are in the Express,
20 March 1908, page 3f,
Advertiser,
22 April 1910, page 8e.

"The Rise of Football - What the District System Has Done" is in the Advertiser,
13 July 1908, page 7g.

"The Training of Footballers - What it Means" is in the Advertiser,
15 August 1908, page 11f.

Information and photographs of a "fancy dress" match in aid of charity are in the Express,
17 October 1907, page 1g,
Chronicle,
26 October 1907, page 31,
Observer,
24 October 1908, page 29,
"Fancy Dress Football Match - For Sweet Charity's Sake" is reported in the Register on
19 October 1908, page 6f; also see
Advertiser,
5 September 1910, page 8e,
8 and 24 October 1910, pages 15d and 9c,
30 September 1911, page 20d,
16 October 1911, page 11a,
3 June 1912, page 14g,
29 October 1917, page 7a.

An informative article, "Bouncing the Ball - Start of the Football Season", is in the Advertiser,
1 May 1909, page 11d.

"Points for the League and the People" is in the Register on
8 and 15 May 1909, pages 9d and 11c,
"Footballers and Punishment" on
21, 25 and 29 May 1909, pages 8c, 3f and 9e,
1 June 1909, page 5e,
"Bullying Umpires" on
30 July 1909, page 4e:

Register

Strike of Central Umpires" is in the Register,
28 May 1909, page 5c.

"Footballer and Umpire" is in the Advertiser,
5 June 1909, page 11f,
"About Sunday Football" on
10 June 1909, page 6g.

"Football Pictures" at the Tivoli Theatre is reported upon in the Advertiser,
15 June 1909, page 9d.

"Adelaide Cinematographed" is in the Register,
22 June 1909, page 4g:

The picture of the football match between Port Adelaide and Sturt was shown... the representation was exceptionally clear... the initial file-out of the teams was capitally depicted and everyone of the players could easily be recognised...

"State School Footballers" is in the Advertiser,
2 July 1909, page 6f,
"Is Football Becoming More Brutal?" on
10 July 1909, page 11i:

"Stopping" a man has become a fine art. It is done so cleverly in many cases that the keenest umpire could not detect it, and if he did he could only penalise with a free kick that's not much good to a side whose best man has to limp about for the rest of the game.

"Football and Christianity" is the subject of a lecture in the Advertiser,
21 July 1909, page 8e.

"The League and the Council - A Threatened Split" is in the Express,
23 July 1909, page 3h.

"Wests versus North" and consequential comment on umpiring is in the Advertiser,
5 and 7 August 1909, pages 12a and 6h.

The events surrounding "The Football Fight - Wife Rushes to Husband's Assistance" are in the Advertiser,
10 August 1909, page 9g.

"Professionalism in Football - How to Remove the Evils" is in the Advertiser,
10 August 1909, page 9h.

The first charity match played under the auspices of the League is reported in the Advertiser,
30 August 1909, page 7d.

"Oxygen and Athletics - Pumping New Life Into Footballers" is in the Advertiser,
10 and 11 September 1909, pages 6g and 11g; also see
Express,
2 April 1910, page 5 (sketch).

"Football Sidelights - Barrackers and Other People" is in the Advertiser,
2 September 1909, page 7h,
"On the Ball - Some Side Issues" on
6 September 1909, page 7g,
"The Gentle Game of Football - Riotous Times at Unley" on
4 October 1909, page 7h.

"Scenes at a Football Match" is in the Register,
4 October 1909, page 4g.

"Football Fights" is in the Register, 5 October 1909, page 4d:

An illustration of the psychology of the degeneracy of football may be found in the perverse disposition of a small boy to "show off" in company... The inflammatory, delirious crowd stirs beyond control the animal passions of the players in a pursuit which appeals to animal passions; the rules of self-denial are forgotten; the sport loses its redeeming quality of discipline.

"School Football" is in the Advertiser,
25 March 1910, page 6e,
"The Matter of Clearances" on
30 March 1910, page 7f,
Express,
3 May 1910, page 4e.

"Amateurism in Football" is discussed in the Register,
23 April 1910, page 12h,
"Star Chamber" on
3 May 1910, page 7b:

One of the standing grievances against the Football League... is its resolute determination to hold with closed doors its official and special meetings at which important matters affecting the public are decided.

A "dry" football match at the Alberton Oval is discussed in the Advertiser,
16 May 1910, page 8f.

Prominent Players and Clearances" is in the Register,
3 May 1910, page 7b.

"Old and New Football - Some of the Differences" is in the Advertiser,
30 May 1910, page 11g.

"An Umpire Attacked - Kicked by Young Woman" is in the Advertiser,
13 June 1910, page 7i:

Hat pins were drawn by members of the fair sex in readiness for use, and vicious stabs were made at him with umbrellas.

The question "Are Football Crowds Biassed? - Pity the Poor Umpire" is posed in the Advertiser, 30 July 1910, page 13h:

The players, generally speaking, are a gentlemanly lot of fellows. Certainly some abuse in the heat of the moment is heaped upon the head of the umpire, but the real trouble comes from the ignorant barracker. How often do you hear a yell from the pickets, "How's that for holding the ball?"... If the Australian game is to maintain its popularity, there is a need for more fairness on the part of the public and firmness on the part of the umpires.

An "umpires' strike" is reported in the Advertiser,
10 September 1910, page 13i.

"Football" is discussed in the Register,
7 May 1910, page 12f.
The "Gods" of football are the subject of editorial comment on
30 July 1910, page 12f:

Compared with American rugby it is, indeed, angelic. It is unfortunate, therefore, that the opprobrium and discredit should be brought upon it by a few larrikins who ought, if possible, to be permanently expelled from the ovals. The effect... would be to remedy an evil which threatens to bring disaster - as it has been done before - upon an admirable pastime.

Football "Fever" is discussed in the Register, 8 October 1910, page 12d:

"On my right was a well dressed woman, who was quietly and consistently venomous at the expense of the umpire. (Her side was ahead and eventually won); but that did not matter. It was common knowledge, she said, that he favoured the other side."... The players generally meet and part on good terms. As far as hysteria; the whole tendency of the age seems to be hysterical.

Formation of an Amateur Football League is reported in the Register,
18 March 1911, page 12h;
information on its first meeting is in the Advertiser,
8 May 1912, page 8h; also see
The News,
13 August 1936, page 14f.
A photograph of a South Australian team is in the Observer,
12 June 1926, page 31,
Chronicle,
18 June 1931, page 32.

"Paid Footballers - Not Wanted in Adelaide" is in the Register,
15 and 20 May 1911, pages 6e and 12d.

A photograph of an SA Association interstate team is in the Express,
28 July 1911, page 6.

"Australian Football" is in the Register, 4 August 1911, page 12d.

The Register of 5 August 1911, page 12d says:

The one thing that might endanger its brilliant prospects is any suggestion of underhand dealings, the presence of rules that may be winked at and disobeyed.

A photograph of the South Australian team, "Champions of Australia", in street clothes and "straw-boaters", is in the Chronicle,
19 August 1911, page 19,
of Amateur League teams on
30 September 1911, page 34.

The reminiscences of D. Christy are in the Register,
20 July 1912, page 18c.

"Injured at Football - Heavy List of Casualties" is in the Advertiser,
5 August 1912, page 9a.

"Instructing Umpires", by J.J. Woods, "honorary instructor", is in the Advertiser,
18 May 1912, page 21d.

An obituary of J.J. Kelly, chairman of the SAFA, is in the Observer,
30 September 1911, page 20b.
Biographical details of the league's secretary, F.C. Marlow, are in the Observer,
19 October 1912, page 24d,
Register, 21 January 1926, page 8g.

"Magarey Medallists" is in the Register,
9 October 1911, page 9g.
An interview with Mr Magarey is reported in The News,
17 September 1925, page 8e.
"Magarey Medal Winners" is in The News,
7 August 1936, page 4a.

"The Football Season" is in the Register, 21 September 1912, page 14e:

Scornful critics declare Australia is degenerating into a "nation of barrackers" and bemoan the fact that 36,000 people will yell at 36 kicking a ball about "instead of taking exercise themselves"... The jibes of the English versifier... satirises his countrymen's absorption in sport:

"Behind the Pickets - In a Football Crowd" is in the Register,
30 September 1912, page 5f,
"Impressions at a Football Match" in the Advertiser,
30 September 1912, page 8i:

No student of psychology could find a better ground for his studies than the mounds and grandstands of the Adelaide Oval on the occasion of a big premiership match.

"Retrospect of Football [in 1912]" is in the Register,
30 September 1912, page 9d.

"A Football Case - Claim for Slander" is in the Advertiser,
19 December 1912, page 15a.

"Preparation for the Season" is in the Register,
3 April 1913, page 5c.

"Professionalism in Football" is in the Register,
28 June 1913, page 15d.

"Hit With a Picket - Football Barracker Felled" is in the Register,
16 June 1913, page 6i.

"A Champion Footballer - The Late Bunny Daly" is in The Mail,
28 June 1913, page 13h.

"Umpire Stoned at Alberton" is in the Advertiser,
30 June 1913, page 15b, 2 July 1913, page 16e.

The results of interstate matches from 1879 to 1913 are in the Advertiser,
14 July 1913, page 18f.

A photograph of members of the Marlborough Football Club is in The Critic,
20 August 1913, page 16.

An obituary of Herman A. Kruss, a former "leading footballer", is in the Register,
31 March 1914, page 8b,
Observer,
4 April 1914, page 41a.

"Prospects of the Clubs" is in the Register,
18 April 1914, page 13f.

"Labour and Football" is in the Register,
7 and 8 May 1914, pages 10b and 8c.

"Hero Worship [of F.N. LeMessurier]" is in the Register,
22 June 1914, page 8e.

"A Coveted Record - Dowling Honoured" is in the Observer,
11 July 1914, page 21b.

A photograph of a State team in street clothes and straw boaters is in the Express,
6 August 1914, page 6g.

"Modern Football - Tom Leahy Will Explain Its Degeneracy" is in The Mail,
2 September 1914, page 2c.

"The Clubs and Their Prospects" is in the Observer,
24 April 1915, page 18d.

Biographical details of Harry Blinman are in the Observer,
16 October 1915, page 18a,
Register, 28 September 1923, page 6c.

"Football Season Abandoned" is reported in the Register,
19 January 1916, page 4f,
"Old Time Footballers - Some Memories" on
12, 19 and 26 February 1916, pages 7d, 7e and 7d; also see
25 December 1926, page 5f.

"Patriotic Football - Senior League to be Formed" is in the Register,
3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 April 1916, pages 5d, 4c, 4h, 5d and 7c; also see
Advertiser,
21 and 27 April 1916, pages 6f and 4f.

"Footballers and the War" is in the Advertiser,
14 April 1916, page 8f; the article includes a list of clubs and enlistments.

"Footballers and War - Somewhere in France" is in The Mail,
22 September 1917, page 7f.

"Fighting Footballers" is in the Register,
23 July 1918, page 4c,
"Dispute Among Footballers" on
17 September 1918, page 4g.

"Disgraceful Football Scene" during a match, police versus West Adelaide, is recounted in the Observer,
27 July 1918, page 30a.
A photograph of a team is in The Critic,
8 September 1915, page 3.

"Feminine Football" is in the Register,
12 August 1918, page 7f.

Photographs of lady footballers are in The Critic,
14 August 1918, page 17,
Observer,
17 and 31 August 1918, pages 26 and 26,
28 September 1918, page 24.
"Women in Football" is in The News,
7 and 21 March 1929, pages 9d and 9d.
"Girls Play Football for Charity" is in the Observer,
17 August 1929, page 24c.

"Football Mob and Umpire" is in the Register,
20 August 1919, page 7f,
"A Just Sentence" on 6 September 1919, page 8d.

"An Umpire Mobbed - Youth Sent to Gaol" is in the Advertiser,
6 September 1919, pages 8h-14a,
"Australia's Winter Pastime" on
9 October 1919, page 4e.

"Football Dissension - Are Footballers Paid?" is in The Mail,
13 March 1920, page 2g,
"Pay for Players" on
19 March 1921, page 3a.

"New Football Districts" is in the Register,
6 October 1920, page 6g.

"Wretched Umpiring" is in The Mail,
3 July 1920, page 3c; also see
9 April 1921, page 2f,
11 June 1921, page 2f,
"Umpire Coffey Looks Back" on
3 September 1921, page 3c,
"Blame the Umpire - A Chat With Mr Raven" on
15 October 1921, page 3b.

"Football Moods - The Crowd and the Game" is in the Register,
26 July 1920, page 5d,
"Footballers and Payment" on
11 March 1921, page 6g,
"South v Norwood - Some Recollections" on
1 October 1921, page 7c.

"How Football Pays - Where the Money Goes" is in The Mail,
12 March 1921, page 2f.

"Football Umpiring - Inconsistency the Chief Fault - Umpires' Opinions of Spectators" is in the Advertiser,
23 June 1921, page 8e:

The term "mark" as applied to a catch came from a practice in Melbourne in the early 'eighties, when a player on catching a ball was compelled to make a mark on the turf to indicate the spot over which he had to kick.

"Norwood's Stirring Days - Giants Past and Present" is in The Mail,
16 July 1921, page 2e,
"Norwood of Old - In Dr Dawson's Days" on
17 September 1921, page 3c,
"Giants of the Past - Early Norwood and Port Adelaide Players" on
1 October 1921, page 3c.

"League's New Rooms - Struggles of the Past" is in The Mail,
23 July 1921, page 2c.

"South's Veteran - Tredrea Soon to Retire" is in The Mail,
20 August 1921, page 2g,
"In Kingston's Days - South Adelaide Club Memories" on
24 September 1921, page 2f.

"Big Tom [Leahy] - Australia's Champion Follower" is in The Mail,
27 August 1921, page 2g.

"A Veteran Footballer", the humorous reminiscences of A. McIntyre, is in the Advertiser,
20 October 1921, page 9d:

Slinging, tripping, pushing behind and other things were allowed in my day. They are forbidden now, but are done all the same, and it is not fair to the clean player.

"In the Crowd - Football Psychology" is in the Advertiser,
10 October 1921, page 7b.

"Costly Football Squabble" is in The Mail,
19 November 1921, page 2f.

A controversy as to whether the Sturt club should be rechristened "Unley" appears in the Register,
1 March 1922, page 6e.
For discussions on the rejection of four players see Advertiser,
10, 11, 16, 22 and 31 March 1922, pages 7a, 14e, 10e, 11c and 12d,
27 April 1922, page 10a.
"The Early Days of Sturt", the reminiscences of Ernest Lord, are in the Express,
14 September 1922, page 8b.

"Football Umpire Assaulted - Unruly Scenes at Alberton" is reported in the Register,
27 June 1922, page 7b,
1 July 1922, page 6f,
"Hostility to Umpires" on
8 August 1922, page 6f,
"Football and Cash" on
15 March 1923, page 8d.

"Enormous Football Expenses" is in The Mail,
11 March 1922, page 3d,
"Sturt's Clean Up - Long Football Fight Ended" on
29 April 1922, page 3d,
"Sturt's Early Days" on
6 May 1922, page 13c,
"Umpires in School - Much-Abused Gentlemen" on
3 June 1922, page 3a,
"Pen Picture of Clem Dayman" on
19 May 1923, page 6g,
"Frank Golding - Great Football Record" on
26 May 1923, page 6h.

"Crowd Psychology - Studies at Football" is in the Register,
25 September 1922, page 9b,
"Crowds and Statistics - Concomitants of Football" is in the Advertiser,
25 September 1922, page 9g,
"Football from the Hill" on
2 October 1922, page 10c.

"Football Team Colours" is in the Advertiser,
9 February 1923, page 11e.

"Football Problems Discussed" is in the Observer,
14 March 1923, page 18a.

"Encouraging Schoolboys" is in the Observer,
5 May 1923, page 16b.

"Brutal Football" is in the Advertiser,
8 May 1923, page 13e:

If a man wants to use his fists he should be excluded from the football arena. It is no place for fighting. It is pleasing to know that the League is determined to put down illegitimate roughness and to cleanse the game, if necessary, from practices which disfigure it.
(Advertiser, 26 May 1923, page 12h.)

"Two Codes of Football - Australian versus Rugby" is in the Advertiser,
31 May 1923, page 10c.

"Football Umpiring" is in the Advertiser,
21 and 23 July 1923, pages 13a and 12b.

"Accidents Will Happen" is in The News,
25 July 1923, page 7b.

The reminiscences of H. Pash, who commenced playing with North Adelaide in 1894, are in the Advertiser,
2 August 1923, page 16b.

A photograph of delegates from the McLaren Vale district is in the Observer,
8 September 1923, page 28.

"A Football Sentence" and a controversy surrounding the suspension of a Norwood player is traversed in the Advertiser, 14, 15, 18 and 21 September 1923, pages 17g, 18e, 13e and 13c.

"Umpires and Players" is in the Register, 15 September 1923, page 12f:

It will be agreed that the authority of the umpires must be upheld in all the circumstances. That is the bedrock of discipline on the field... and without discipline a fine, clean pastime would become a mere brawl and public patronage would dwindle away. At best the umpire's position is not an enviable one.

"Brutality on the Football Field" is in the Advertiser, 29 September 1923, page 13b:

There is only one effectual cure. The rulers of Australian football should copy those of "Soccer". Under the English code a referee has power to order a player off the field... the use of such a law would quickly put a stop to deliberate attempts to cripple players.

"Football and Cash" is in the Register,
2 April 1924, page 8e,
"Payment to Footballers" on
15 April 1924, page 13f,
24 and 25 November 1925, pages 9f and 8e,
15 December 1925,
The News,
9 November 1927, page 8c.

"Footballers of Former Days", the reminiscences of J.R. Lyall, is in the Advertiser,
23 May 1924, page 21c.

"Improving Football - Players Favor a Crossbar" is in the Advertiser,
30 May 1924, page 13d, 12 June 1924, page 9c.

"Mr A.W. Cocks - Early Football History Recalled" is in the Register,
13 June 1924, page 6f;
also see 21 and 27 June 1924, pages 12e and 4a.

A photograph of "SA's Star Schoolboy Footballers" is in the Register,
27 June 1924, page 7.

"Stretchers for the Football Field" is in the Register,
11 July 1924, page 8e.

"Improving Football - Players Favor a Crossbar" is in the Advertiser,
30 May 1924, page 13d,
12 June 1924, page 9c.

"Early Football History Recalled" is in the Register,
13 June 1924, page 6f,
"Stretchers for the Football Field" on
11 July 1924, page 8e.

"Ducked the Spectator - A Cure for Bad Language" is in the Advertiser,
8 July 1924, page 8e.

An editorial on football, including comment on suspension of players, is in the Advertiser,
4 July 1924, page 12h; also see
19 July 1924, page 19g,
2 August 1924, page 18d.

"Footballers' Nicknames" - Weird and Descriptive" is in The Mail,
12 July 1924, page 1f.

"Playing the Game" is in the Register,
22 August 1924, page 8e.

"Alteration of Football Rules - South Australian Football Criticised" is in the Advertiser,
23 August 1924, page 13d; also see
Chronicle,
30 August 1924, page 49c,
6 September 1924, page 53a.

Mr J. Sweeney Looks Back 37 Years" is in The News,
18 September 1924, page 10a,
"Native Footballers" on
9 October 1924, page 8d.

"Football and Other Memories" is in the Register,
4 October 1924, page 9g,
"Chats and Incidents" on
6 October 1924, page 11e,
"Professional Football" on
27 March 1925, page 13g,
2 October 1925, page 9d,
"Football Finance" on
21 April 1926, page 8e.

Photographs of Aboriginal football teams are in the Observer,
25 October 1924, page 34,
of World War I battalion teams on
2 May 1925, page 32.

"New Football Rules" is in the Advertiser,
17 April 1925, page 10h,
8 May 1925, page 21a; also see
The News,
16 April 1925, page 9a.

"Charity Football and Sweeps" is in the Advertiser,
5 June 1925, page 8g; also see
The Mail,
13 June 1925, page 1g,
12 June 1926, page 4e.

"Amateur League - Growing Organisation" is in The News,
18 June 1925, page 1b.

"Famous Figures of the Past" in the South Adelaide Football Club is in The News,
26 June 1925, page 6g.

"Moral Lessons From the Football Field", a lecture by Rev C.E. Schafer, is in The News,
29 June 1925, page 6e; also see
2 July 1925, page 8 (cartoon).

"Public Schools Football - Interstate Carnival" is in the Register,
24 July 1925, page 13a, 10 August 1925, page 3f.

"Football Old and New" is in The Mail,
8 August 1925, page 14b,
"Among Barrackers" on
15 August 1925, page 11c.

"Football and Boxing - How to Learn Self-Control" is in The News,
10 September 1925, page 10e.

"Football League Flouted - North Adelaide Club Disqualified" is in the Advertiser,
16 and 23 March 1926, pages 13b and 15d.

"Waldron Looks Back" is in The News,
3 April 1926, page 1d.

"Killing Australian Football" is in the Advertiser,
16 April 1926, page 20c,
"No Gladiators Need Apply" is in the Register,
21 May 1926, page 8f:

If football in South Australia is not to degenerate into mere fighting, distinguished by the catch-as-catch-can methods attributed to French pugilists... solid support will have to be given to the League Commissioner... who has set himself the not uninvidious task of making the game "clean"... The genuine friends of football will applaud [his] determination to prevent the revival, in this polite age, of the gladiatoral exhibitions which used to delight a pagan populace.

"Psychology of Football - Factors in Victory and Defeat" is in The Mail,
24 April 1926, page 3d,
"For Cleaner Football" on
29 May 1926, page 18e.

"Umpire Saxby Mobbed - Carried Unconscious From Adelaide Oval" is in The Mail,
14 August 1926, page 5a.

"Football Frenzy" is in the Register,
16 August 1926, pages 8e and 9e:

The public... or that part of it which is liable to these exceptionally severe attacks of football frenzy, will have to learn to control itself. If it should fail to do so, it is true that it may never quite succeed in killing the umpire, but it will probably satisfy its lust for blood by killing the game of football...

"Rule of Football - Umpire Quinn Explains" is in The News,
9 September 1926, page 11c.
His reminiscences commence in The News,
16 May 1940, page 19b.

"Football Veterans - Forming Association" is in The News,
23 September 1926, page 8d,
15 and 21 October 1926, pages 8d and 4d.

"Is Roughness Increasing" is in The News,
19 May 1927, page 14f.

"Art of Placekicking" is in The News,
30 September 1926, page 11c,
9 June 1927, page 15d.

"Football on Motor Cycles" is in the Advertiser,
4 October 1926, page 16d,
"The League's Jubilee Year" on
14 April 1927, page 24f,
"A Substitute Player" on
10 June 1927, page 24g.

"Rules of Football" is in The News,
21 April 1927, page 10d.

A sketch of the Adelaide football boundaries is in the Register,
2 July 1927, page 7.

"Football and Its Defects" is in the Advertiser, 9 July 1927, page 12h:

It is an open secret that umpires have, for various reasons, been inclined to overlook even gross breaches of the rules... As a rule, when half the crowd is applauding the umpire the other half is reviling him, and the wonder is... that any man can be found to undertake such a thankless task for the moderate fee which is paid for it.

"Behind the Game - How Football is Organised" is in The Mail,
16 July 1927, page 3c.

"Broadcasting Football" is in The Mail,
23 July 1927, page 1a,
"Broadcasting Football Matches" in the Advertiser,
1 May 1928, page 15a,
7 May 1929, page 20e.

"Nicknames of Players" is in The News,
4 August 1927, page 13f.

The reminiscences of Walter Mugg, who "played [football] with C.C. Kingston", are in the Advertiser,
20 September 1927, page 17f.

"A Football Fracas - Spectators Attack Players" is in the Advertiser,
26 and 27 September 1927, pages 17c and 17e; also see
The News,
26 September 1927, page 8c.

"Football Fisticuffs" is in the Register,
6 July 1927, page 8e,
"Old Footballers - A Happy Reunion" on
6 October 1927, page 11c,
"Paying Footballers - Would it Spoil the Game" on
16 February 1928, page 10a,
"Fifty Years of Football" on
1 March 1928, page 11a.

"Should Committeemen Receive Pay" is in The Mail,
17 March 1928, page 9a.

An obituary of T.D. McKenzie is in the Observer,
3 December 1927, page 48c.

"The Jubilee of Football" is in the Advertiser,
1 March 1928, page 17b,
"Professionalism in Football" on
22 June 1928, page 15c,
"The Return of a Popular Sport" on
28 April 1928, page 12i.

"Time of Starting Football Matches" is in The News,
24 April 1928, page 6c.

"Suppression of Unfair Football Tactics" is in The Mail,
7 April 1928, page 9b,
"Selecting Umpires - Method Unsatisfactory" on
26 May 1928, page 9c,
"Unjust System - Deciding Minor Premiership" on
8 September 1928, page 11c.

"League Football - As a Sydneysider Saw It" is in the Register,
7 May 1928, page 12a, "Dirty Football" on
10 July 1928, page 9c,
"Savage Football - Police Stop Fisticuffs" on
1 October 1928, page 9g..

"Families of Footballers" is in The News,
3 May 1928, page 13e.

An obituary of J.R. Hanley is in the Observer,
21 July 1928, page 41b.

"Attack on Football Umpire - Player Disqualified for Three Years" is in the Advertiser,
27 July 1928, page 13d.

"Should a Throw be Allowed" is in the Advertiser,
24 August 1928, page 24d,
"Flick Hand Pass" on
2 October 1929, page 23e.

"Women in Football" is in The News,
7 and 21 March 1929, pages 9d and 9d.

"Tightening Football Residential Clauses" is in The Mail,
16 March 1929, page 10c,
"Replacement of Injured Players" on
27 July 1929, page 15a.

"Madness on the Football Field" is in the Register,
14 May 1929, page 6c.

"Reversion to Old Laws of Football to be Discussed" is in The Mail,
24 August 1929, page 15a,
"New Football Law - One Substitute Allowed" on
1 and 8 March 1930, pages 3c and 3a,
"What's Wrong With Football? - Record Your Votes" on
21 and 28 June 1930, pages 1a and 9.

An editorial on entrance charges to league games is in The News,
13 May 1930, page 6c; also see
17 January 1931, page 4c,
7 February 1931, page 4c.

"What's Wrong With Football?" is in The News,
29 May 1930, page 4d,
5 June 1930, page 3f.

"Football Umpires - Work Under Restraint" is in the Advertiser,
13 September 1930, page 16d.

A suggestion that a return to the "flick" pass would improve the game of football is discussed in the Advertiser,
22 May 1931, page 6c.

"Poor Umpiring" is in The News,
8 July 1931, page 6c.

"League Football on Downgrade" is in The Mail,
19 September 1931, page 5d.

"Umpires' Board Attacks Rough Football" is in the Advertiser,
10 July 1931, page 7d,
"Will Football Recover Favour" on
2 March 1932, page 10c,
"Formality in Football" on
24 March 1932, page 20f.

A comparison between present and past footballers is made in the Advertiser,
20 May 1932, page 6d.

"Highlights of Past Football Carnivals" is in The Mail,
29 July 1933, page 13.

"Tricks That Footballers Play on the Umpires" is in The News,
24 July 1933, page 4e.

"Umpires to be Coached" is in The News,
15 February 1934, page 6g,
"Payment for Players" on
26 February 1934, page 5d,
"Flick Pass Doomed" on
3 May 1934, page 17a,
"Football Now and 67 Years Ago" on
3 July 1934, page 4e.

Football umpiring, "A Devilish Pastime", is in the Advertiser,
13 August 1934, page 8f,
"Checking Rough Football" on
20 September 1934, page 9g.

"Case for Professionalism in League Football" is in The News,
6 July 1935, page 4d.

"No 1936 Football at Adelaide Oval" is in The News,
20 February 1936, page 4h; also see
27 February 1936, page 8e.

"Stopping Migration of Leading Footballers" is in The News,
9 March 1936, page 3d.

"Football Tribunal's New Outlook" is in The Mail,
21 March 1936, page 2c.

"Football Has Many Rivals for Public Patronage" is in The News,
2 May 1936, page 4d.

"Early Football Memories" is in The News,
28 July 1936, page 4f.

"Flick Pass in Football Carnival" is in the Advertiser
15 July 1937, page 18a.

"No Association for Football Umpires" is in the Advertiser
16 November 1937, page 14c.

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