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Manning Index of South Australian History
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    Adelaide - City Council, Town Hall and Allied Matters

    Miscellany

    Local Government - Its Genesis in South Australia

    (Taken from Geoffrey H. Manning's A Colonial Experience)

    Introduction

    'The beginnings of a popular government', wrote Viscount Bryce, 'were in small rural areas, rural communities and tiny cities, each with only a few hundred, or possibly thousands, of free inhabitants.' As I write in September 1903, the 63rd anniversary of the establishment in Adelaide of municipal self-government is with us, the first local corporation founded in Australia.

    The roads and infrastructure of a country are taken for granted and accepted as natural objects as though the time never was when they were not. Local government is certainly very old; so old, that in many countries it was 'the earliest expression of man's political instincts', but not so old, or permanent and fixed, as the plains and the hills which have been marked and conquered by the efforts of men working together in corporate bodies. Local government possesses good traditions and the wider they are known and appreciated the better. Knowledge of them will help cure indolence, and encourage both the citizen and his representative to push on with a stouter stroke, and to take a finer pride in his village, town or city, as the case may be.

    In new countries local government is a prime necessity; it relieves the central government of activities which are purely local and which can only be handled expeditiously and well by men on the spot. It is a great stimulator of progress and an admirable training school for higher public service. Successful in the old world, it has been of estimable service in the wilderness of the new.

    The Beginnings in Adelaide

    In South Australia the want of local self-government soon made itself felt and the colonists drew upon the best English traditions for their guidance. The founding of the colony was altogether a curious experiment in colonisation and a grave initial blunder was made in permitting colonists to precede Colonel Light, whose duty it was to fix the site of the first town.

    However, it was not until March 1837 that the survey of Adelaide was completed. There were dissensions over Light's choice, and dissension over inevitable delays in country surveys, the upshot of which was the resignation of Colonel Light, followed soon after by his death and the recall of Governor Hindmarsh - I discuss these events in another chapter.

    Upon Governor Gawler fell the lot to reorganise the survey and other departments and to lay the foundations of local government in Australia. Three months after his arrival in October 1838 he described the colony to Lord Glenelg as one 'which stands alone at the breadth of the world from its only point of assistance or reference; the affairs of the province at this moment are involved in most aggravated and complicated difficulties. I do not wish to make my situation appear worse than it is when I say I do not think it possible that a governor of a colony could be placed in more trying circumstances than mine.

    'The colonial revenue', he went on to say, 'is as yet insignificant and though I am most willing to amend this deficiency, and am proceeding to do so, yet in the present state of the colony, taxes can only be imposed with the greatest circumspection, and for some time to come will probably do little more than defray the expenses of collecting them.'

    No representative institutions existed at this time and all of the work, which is now effected by corporations and district councils, was done by the government. In a financial minute to his council reviewing the public accounts of the colony for the year 1839, and to the probable expenditure for 1840, among others, the governor spoke of the following works having 'been executed, by which the convenience either of the public service, or of the colonists, and the value of property of the colony, have been permanently increased':

    There then existed under the government control a surveyor's establishment and a town engineer, whose duty it was to carry out many of these enumerated works. In the same minute, speaking of the town engineer, it was announced that 'his office will cease when similar duties are thrown into the hand of the municipal council.'

    Here was a concrete example of local government being performed by the central government, and a foreshadowing of the first of our representative institutions, which was quickened by the financial difficulties which had beset the colony and very nearly led to its insolvency and abandonment.

    The way for the first grant of self-government was paved by the Colonisation Commissioners in London in 1838, when a recommendation was made that towns with 2,000 inhabitants or more should be given elective municipal institutions. The population of Adelaide had already reached that figure, but it is clear that the financial difficulties of the colony hastened the grant, which was made by an ordinance passed by the Legislative Council (not an elective council) on 19 August 1840. The genesis of this measure is recited in the preamble of the ordinance, which reads:

    In order to cope with increasing financial complexities the governor, like popular assemblies in a similar plight, sought relief by the imposition of new duties and by shedding what might have been termed his local governing activities. Thus, on 26 April 1840 he wrote to the Chairman of Commissioners in London (Colonel Robert Torrens) that:

    The over-expenditure incurred by Governor Gawler seriously embarrassed the Colonisation Commissioners in London who, not having the funds available to meet his bills, dishonoured them temporarily and made representations to the Imperial Government, which led to the governor's recall. With the breadth of the world between him, however, he had ample time to fulfil his promise and to him belongs the credit of calling into being the Corporation of the City of Adelaide, the first experiment of local government in Australia.

    To tell the whole career of the council would make a long story. The first council was elected on 31 October 1840, the members being - Aldermen J.H. Fisher, A.H. Davis, M. Smillie and G. Stevenson; Councillors N. Hailes, J. Brown, C. Mann, J. Hallett, W. Blyth, W.G. Lambert, H. Watson, T. Wilson, E. Rowlands, E.W. Andrews, J. Frew, W.H. Neale, S. East, W. Sanders and J.V. Wakeham. The Mayor was then chosen by the council and its choice fell on Alderman (afterwards Sir) James Hurtle Fisher.

    The boundaries of the city were 'the inner limits of the park or public lands' as delineated in Colonel Light's plan. Power was vested with the governor with the consent of his council:

    This clause was, no doubt, drafted to provide for a limited measure of self-government to the outer districts until such time as other corporate bodies came into existence - district councils were of a much later date, the first, Mitcham, being proclaimed on 10 May 1853. The citizenship under this ordinance included not only male persons of full age, resident in the city, but those residents within a seven mile radius thereof.

    The first experiment in self-government was not long lived. The council, too frequently, meddled with politics and quarrelled with Governor Grey. It persevered in a career of supposed usefulness for a few years, but the ignorant impatience of taxation exhibited by the ratepayers so embarrassed its operations that it was forced to succumb. The real fact was that the establishment of such a cumbrous machinery of local self-government at a time when the whole affairs of the colony were managed by a Committee, whose proceedings were only recorded in the form of brief minutes, was premature.

    But it was soon discovered that, although the time had come for an indulgence in municipal institutions, the time had passed when the streets could, with impunity, be left to maintain themselves. One or two winters convinced the citizens that there were worse evils than rates, and hundreds of pounds were contributed privately to render locomotion practicable from one part of Adelaide to the other.

    By 1845 the corporation was insolvent - no strange state of affairs - and a reversion to the city commissioners took place. During this period more than one effort was made to restore the corporation and, on 24 August 1849, Ordinance No. 11 'To Constitute a Municipal Corporation for the City of Adelaide' was passed. This ordinance was to take effect upon the petition of at least 400 ratepayers, representing property of the yearly value of £15,000; it was not proclaimed until 1851.

    Prior to this, in 1846 the ordinances of 1840 and 1842 were repealed and the property of the city vested in the Crown, which liquidated corporation debts totalling £1,008/9/4 and the rates were levied in the city by the Commissioner of Police and the Police Magistrate. Ordinance No. 12 of 1849 was followed immediately by Ordinance No. 13 to provide for the improvement of the city until municipal elections were finally established therein.

    Under this measure the management of the city was handed over to a board of five commissioners appointed by the governor but, at times, this body was subjected to severe criticism. For example, in July 1850 a demand was issued from the City Commissioner's Office above the signature of Samuel Davenport as Chairman, for payment of city rates, when a newspaper Editor pronounced:

    Later, a further vilification was forthcoming from the same quarter:

    The commissioners remained in office until relieved by the re-establishment of the corporation under an official announcement in 1851, which read in part:

    The following appointments were made: 'Francis S. Dutton, William Wyatt, Esquires, to perform the acts required by the said Ordinance to be done by the Mayor, Aldermen and Councillors, until the election of the said offices. Mr Andrew J. Murray to perform the duties required by the said Ordinance to be done by the Town Clerk and Collector until the election of those offices.'

    These appointments constituted a provisional city council and in a supplementary gazette of 29 November 1851 appears a notice to the citizens of Adelaide informing them that the elections had been postponed until 1 June 1852. Then, in the following gazette, notice was given that from and after 4 December no communications on subjects connected with the Corporation of the City of Adelaide would be entertained by the government unless forwarded through the Provisional City Council. The first elections were due to be held on 1 December 1851, but a postponement was made by Act No. 9 of that year; they were duly held on 1 June 1852 when the city council came into being again.

    General Notes

    "Our First Elections" is in the Register,
    9 January 1918, page 6g,
    "Strange Civic History" on
    2 September 1929, page 7a.

    By-Laws of the Adelaide City Council are recorded in the Southern Australian,
    12 August 1842, page 1a,
    "First Corporation of the City of Adelaide" is in the South Australian Magazine,
    1841-1842, page 159,
    Advertiser,
    31 October 1925, page 13c; also see
    Register,
    30 November 1920, page 6d,
    The News,
    29 October 1924, page 6c.

    City Council by-laws aimed at suppressing "houses of ill-fame", prize-fighting and similar barbarities" and gambling under "a special ban" are discussed in the Register,
    18 May 1891, page 4g; also see
    28 May 1891, page 7b.
    Also see Prostitution.

    A history of the first corporation is in the Observer,
    1 December 1906, page 39d.

    "Seventy Years Ago - Adelaide Corporation Anniversary" is in the Register,
    18 and 19 August 1910, pages 4i and 6c (includes photographs).

    "Our City - Facts Worth Remembering" is in the Register,
    29 April 1915, page 5a.

    "Mayoral Memories" is in the Register,
    6 December 1920, page 6e,
    19 and 25 August 1924, pages 12e and 9b.

    "The First Civic Representatives" is in the Advertiser,
    31 October 1928, page 15e.

    "The Town Council" is in the Southern Star,
    26 October 1842, page 2a.

    "The Corporation Bill" is in the Adelaide Railway Times,
    29 August 1849, page 2c.

    The levying of a tax on sand taken from the River Torrens is reported upon in the Observer,
    11 June 1853, page 7e.
    "The City Council and the River Torrens" is in the Register,
    27 June 1885, pages 5a-6e.
    "Hints to the City Council" is in the Register,
    3 July 1897, page 5i:

    Also see River Torrens.

    "The Corporation" is in the Observer,
    29 April 1854, page 1a (supp.),
    12 February 1859, page 6g.

    "City Improvements - Public Meeting" is in the Observer,
    17 June 1854, page 4a.

    "The Corporation Amendment Act" is in the Register,
    11 January 1855, page 2e,
    Observer,
    13 January 1855, page 6d.

    "The Corporation and Free Trade" is in the Register,
    25 January 1855, page 3b.

    Information on the new council chamber is in the Observer,
    3 March 1855, page 3c.

    "New By-Laws for the City" is in the Register,
    13 April 1855, page 2e,
    21 June 1855, page 2d,
    13 October 1855, page 2f,
    Observer,
    14 April 1855, page 5d.

    "The City Goat Paddock" is in the Observer,
    12 January 1856, page 5h.
    Also see SA - Flora & Fauna.

    "The Corporation Hay and Straw By-Law" is in the Register,
    11, 21 and 22 October 1856, pages 2h, 2e and 2e,
    Observer,
    11 and 25 October 1856, pages 1g (supp.) and 6d.

    "Council Proceedings and the Land Agents" is in the Observer,
    29 November 1856, page 3b.

    By-Laws relative to the water supply are discussed in the Register,
    30 December 1856, page 2f.

    "The Charges Against the City Surveyor" is in the Register,
    13 February 1857, page 3c.

    "Municipal Elections" is in the Register,
    2 December 1857, page 2e,
    21 and 22 November 1866, pages 2d and 3e,
    Observer,
    5 December 1857, page 6e,
    "The Adelaide Civic Elections" in the Express,
    3 December 1866, page 2c; also see
    2 and 3 December 1884, pages 3e and 5c.

    "The City Assessments" is in the Observer,
    12 December 1857, page 6c,
    "The City Improvements" on
    12 December 1857, page 1d (supp.),
    "Legislation for the City" on
    23 January 1858, page 5c,
    "The Adelaide Civic Elections" in the Express,
    3 December 1866, page 2c; also see
    2 and 3 December 1884, pages 3e and 5c.

    A proposed corporation ban on smoking in the open air during the summer months is discussed in the Observer,
    4 December 1858, page 6g.

    Proposed corporation buildings are discussed in the Observer,
    28 August 1858, page 3d.

    "The Mayor and the Corporation" is in the Register,
    5 January 1859, page 2d,
    Observer,
    8 January 1859, page 5a,
    "The City Election" on
    21 May 1859, page 6c,
    "The Corporation Punchbowl" is in the Register,
    20 January 1859, page 2h,
    2 and 3 February 1859, pages 3d and 2h.
    "The Corporation Punchbowl and the Princess Royal's Wedding Cake" is in the Observer,
    29 January 1859, page 5f,
    12 February 1859, page 6h.
    Also see Light.

    "The Corporation" is in the Register,
    1, 2 and 12 February 1859, pages 2g, 3e and 2f-3b.

    Information on the corporation's seal is in the Observer,
    28 May 1859, page 3f,
    11 June 1859, page 1e (supp.),
    18 March 1899, page 33e.

    Corporation reform is discussed in the Observer,
    12 February 1859, page 1c-f (supp.).

    "The Butchers and the Corporation" is in the Advertiser,
    23 May 1859, page 3b,
    4 June 1859, page 3b.

    "Corporation Reform" is in the Observer,
    12 February 1859, page 1c (supp.).

    "The Mayor's Court" is in the Observer,
    26 February 1859, page 6g,
    12 March 1859, page 1d (supp.),
    29 December 1860, page 6a,
    Express,
    2 April 1883, page 2b.
    Register,
    11 June 1902, page 4c.

    Information on a new public pound is in the Observer,
    19 November 1859, page 1d (supp.).

    "Bribery at Elections" is in the Chronicle,
    28 January 1860, page 3g.
    "City Elections" is in the Register,
    27 February 1860, page 2f,
    Observer,
    7 November 1863, page 4e.
    "Corruption at Municipal Elections" is in the Observer,
    15 December 1866, page 6b; also see
    Register,
    4 and 6 December 1871, pages 4f and 5c,
    Observer,
    2 and 9 December 1871, pages 3g and 13e,
    8 December 1877, page 7f,
    Register,
    15 and 24 October 1877, pages 4d and 6a,
    23 November 1881, page 4d,
    3 December 1881, page 4f,
    2 December 1882, page 6e,
    20 November 1883, page 4f,
    11, 18 and 21 November 1884, pages 4d, 5g and 6b,
    1 December 1884, page 4f,
    2 December 1886, page 4g,
    2 and 4 December 1893, pages 4g and 4g,
    10 November 1894, page 4e.
    Also see South Australia - Elections.

    "The Days of Our Fathers - A Great Municipal Undertaking", by Rev John Blacket, is in the Advertiser,
    19 June 1929, page 11e.

    "The Corporation" is in the Observer,
    19 January 1861, page 6d,
    16 and 23 February 1861, pages 6f and 5e,
    "The City Council" on
    26 January 1861, page 5d,
    9, 16 and 23 February 1861, pages 5f, 6f and 5c.

    "Municipal Institutions" is in the Chronicle,
    26 January 1861, page 4c.

    "Restrictions on Trade" is in the Observer,
    16 February 1861, page 6g.

    "Corporation By-Laws" is in the Register,
    26 February 1861, page 2g,
    7 March 1861, page 2g,
    Observer,
    2 and 9 March 1861, pages 6f and 5g,
    "City By-Laws" on
    10 December 1864, page 6e.
    Register,
    13 September 1864, page 3b,
    7 December 1864.
    "New Corporation By-Laws" is in the Express,
    22 January 1869, page 2b,
    Chronicle,
    30 January 1869, page 6g,
    Register,
    31 August 1874, page 4e.

    "Corporate Encroachments" is in the Register,
    16 July 1861, page 2h.

    "The Adelaide Corporation" is in the Observer,
    8 February 1862, page 5c,
    "City Improvements" on
    3 October 1863, page 4g,
    9 June 1866, page 7h,
    "City Assessment" on
    31 December 1864, page 6e.

    "City Improvements" is in the Register,
    25 November 1863, page 2c.

    A summary of Thomas English's term as Mayor is in the Chronicle,
    5 December 1863, page 4e.

    "The Corporation Acre" is in the Observer,
    8 October 1864, page 4e (supp.).

    Comments on an outgoing Mayor, Mr Samuel Goode, are in the Chronicle,
    3 December 1864, page 1e (supp.) and
    on a candidate, Mr Thomas, on
    10 December 1864, pages 2b-4a.

    "City Assessment" is in the Register,
    20 December 1864, page 2d.

    The death of John Cox, "an old public servant", is reported in the Register,
    3 and 5 February 1866, pages 2d and 2g.

    "Civic Salaries" is in the Express,
    17 February 1866, page 2b,
    "Corporation Affairs" on
    1 March 1866, page 2b,
    "The Office of Town Clerk" on
    7 March 1866, page 2e.

    "Corporation Contracts" is in the Register,
    4 April 1866, page 2h

    An entertaining letter under the heading "Female Ratepayers" is in the Register,
    30 June 1866, page 3c.

    "Mr Councillor Raphael and the City Improvements" is in the Register,
    1 and 11 August 1866, pages 3c and 2g,
    13 December 1866, page 3h.
    A poem on Mr Raphael is in The Adelaide Punch,
    7 September 1878.
    An obituary of Councillor Raphael is in the Observer,
    31 October 1885, page 32b,
    Register,
    31 October 1885, page 6e; also see
    Register,
    24 January 1914, page 6e

    "Municipal Government" is in the Observer,
    18 August 1866, page 6g.

    Comment on the Mayor, Mr William Townsend, MP, is in the Observer,
    8 September 1866, page 6g.

    "Municipal Corruption" in the Express,
    25 January 1867, page 2b.
    Sketches are in the Pictorial Australian in
    December 1878,
    Frearson's Weekly,
    1 December 1883, page 625.

    "Municipal Affairs, Past and Present" is in the Express,
    7 February 1867, page 2c.

    "The Municipal Council on Uniforms" is in the Register,
    15 May 1867, page 2b,
    Observer,
    18 May 1867, page 6e:

    "The Lighting of Grey Ward" is in the Chronicle,
    6 July 1867, page 6d.

    "Corporation Lamps - Cost of Gas" is in the Register,
    21 December 1868, page 2h,
    8, 9 and 12 January 1869, pages 2c, 2h and 3b.
    "Gas Lighting" of the city is discussed in the Register,
    9, 10, 13, 20 and 29 April 1869, pages 2f, 3a, 2f, 2f-g and 3g,
    23 January 1872, page 3f.
    "The Corporation and the Gasworks" is in the Register,
    30 September 1884, page 5b-c,
    2 October 1884, page 4g.
    Also see Adelaide - Lighting the City and Houses.

    "Civic Retrenchment" is in the Express,
    17 January 1868, page 2b.

    "Corporation Salaries" is in the Observer,
    18 January 1868, page 3e.

    "A Ratepayers' Panic" is in the Register,
    2, 15 and 20 July 1868, pages 2d, 2c and 2d,
    Observer,
    4 July 1868, page 12e.

    "The Public Health and the Municipal Guardians" is in the Register,
    3 July 1868, page 2d.
    "The Public Health Act and the Adelaide Corporation" is in the Observer,
    17 and 31 January 1874, pages 13b and 13e,
    18 April 1874, page 2e,
    Register,
    14, 15, 29 and 30 January 1874, pages 4f, 6b, 4g and 4e,
    4 and 16 March 1874, pages 4f and 4f,
    9 April 1874, page 4e.
    "The City Drainage Bill" is in the Register,
    27 March 1877, page 4c,
    2 May 1877, page 4e.
    "The City Council and the Board of Health" is in the Register,
    12 January 1876, page 4e.
    Also see Health.

    "The Citizens and the Corporation" is in the Observer,
    25 July 1868, page 12a,
    "The Government and the Corporation" on
    25 July 1868, page 12b,
    Register,
    23 July 1868, pages 2c-3a,
    Express,
    10 April 1889, page 6a.

    "The Citizens' Roll" is in the Register,
    7 December 1868, page 2c.

    "Corporation Officers" is in the Register,
    30 December 1868, page 2e,
    "Municipal Officers" in the Express,
    19 August 1872, page 2c,
    "The Corporation Officers" in the Register,
    20 May 1898, page 4h,
    7 November 1899, page 4f.

    "Ex-Town Clerk's Defalcations" is in the Chronicle,
    20 March 1869, pages 6b-14b.
    Register,
    12, 13, 15 and 16 March 1869, pages 2e, 2d-g, 2f and 2f.

    "The Municipal Expose" is in the Register,
    13 March 1869, pages 2d-g,
    "Corporation Defalcations" in the Advertiser,
    27 February 1904, page 9d.

    "The Municipal Disclosures" is in the Observer,
    20 March 1869, page 13c,
    "Municipal Finance in 1869" on
    28 May 1870, page 3a; also see
    1 April 1871, page 13c.

    "The Office of the Mayor" is in the Chronicle,
    18 December 1869, page 11g,
    "The Council Overdraft" in the Express,
    17 December 1869, page 2b-f,
    Chronicle,
    1 January 1870, page 12a,
    4 April 1874, page 12a,
    "Weights and Measures" on
    8 April 1871, page 12b.

    "The Corporation Finances and Their Supervisors" is in the Register,
    29 May 1869, page 2e.

    A history of the municipality of Adelaide is in the Advertiser,
    10, 14, 21 and 27 July 1871, pages 2f, 2e, 2d and 2c,
    "The Early Days of the Corporation" on
    13 January 1915, page 7d.

    "The Town Council and the Overdrafts" is in the Register,
    16 and 18 December 1869, pages 2d-f and 2e.

    "The Municipal Expose" is in the Register,
    13 March 1869, pages 2d-g,
    "Corporation Defalcations" in the Advertiser,
    27 February 1904, page 9d.

    "The Corporation and the Press" is in the Register,
    6 July 1870, page 5c.

    "The City Corporation and the Government" is in the Register,
    12 July 1871, page 4d.

    "The Late and Present Mayor" is in the Observer,
    16 December 1871, page 12f.

    A confrontation between the Mayor, J.M. Solomon, and the Editor of the Register, is aired on 6 and 13 December 1871, pages 5c and 4e.

    "The City Inspector of Weights and Measures" is in the Register,
    12 September 1872, page 4f,
    Observer,
    14 September 1872, page 13d.

    A lease to Arthur Blyth of land north of the Town Hall is reported in the Express,
    19 August 1873, page 2c.

    "The Robbery in the Corporation Offices" is in the Register,
    1 January 1874, page 6a,
    Observer,
    3 January 1874, page 6g.

    "The City Council" is in the Register,
    9 October 1874, page 4f.

    "The Mayoralty Contest" is in the Observer,
    5 December 1874, page 4c.

    "The City Council and the City Surveyor" is in the Register,
    4 and 6 September 1875, pages 4f and 5c,
    19 October 1875, pages 5a-6d,
    The Irish Harp,
    17 September 1875, page 4c,
    29 October 1875, page 5b; also see
    Express,
    9 and 31 August 1875, pages 3b-e and 2b,
    4, 8 and 11 September 1875, pages 2b, 2f and 2b,
    17 May 1876, page 2b,
    Register,
    11 and 17 January 1877, pages 6f and 4e.
    Information on Mr James Vicars, "the new city surveyor", is in the Express,
    19 March 1895, page 3f.

    "Municipal Legislation" is in the Register,
    12 October 1875, page 5b,
    "Civic Elections" on
    3 December 1875, page 4f.

    "The City Audit" is in the Register,
    6 and 9 December 1875, pages 4f and 5f.

    An obituary of James Wright is in the Register,
    20 December 1875, page 5d.

    "Infringement of City By-Laws" is in the Chronicle,
    25 March 1876, page 4b.

    "The Corporation and Sanitary Affairs" is in the Register,
    7 February 1877, page 4c,
    Observer,
    10 February 1877, page 13b.

    A discussion of a "police rate" is in the Express,
    21 April 1877, page 3d.

    A satirical article on the corporation is in the Observer,
    7 April 1877, page 14a.

    "The Corporation Day Labourers" is in the Register,
    15 August 1877, page 4d.

    Information on relics of Queen Adelaide and presentation to the City Council is in the Register,
    24 April 1878, page 5d.

    A steam roller is discussed in the Observer,
    17 February 1877, page 11g,
    27 April 1878, page 12a,
    1 and 15 June 1878, pages 11f and 19f.
    A sketch of the corporation's new steam roller is in the Pictorial Australian in
    May 1878,
    also see Register,
    24 September 1895, page 5e
    of Mr W.C. Buik, Mayor of Adelaide, in Frearson's Weekly,
    21 December 1878, page 337.

    An obituary of J.L. Hyndman, city surveyor, is in the Register,
    2 August 1878, page 5b,
    of John Fitzgibbon on
    7 April 1879, page 4g,
    of E.B.W. Glandfield on
    14 January 1880, page 4g.

    "Municipal Worrying" is in the Express,
    15 May 1878, page 2b,
    "The City Corporation" on
    13 August 1878, page 2f.

    The retirement of William Shakespeare is reported in the Observer,
    14 October 1922, page 11d.
    His reminiscences are in The Mail,
    19 September 1925, page 18a.
    "Fifty Years in Municipal Service - William Shakespeare" is in the Advertiser,
    4 June 1925, page 6g.
    Letters from him in his official capacity within the Corporation are in the Chronicle,
    6 December 1884, page 13b;
    Register,
    28 March 1908, page 9d.

    "Bygone Mayoral Contest - Incidents of the Smith-Colton Struggle" is in The Mail,
    28 November 1925, page 1a.

    "The Corporation's Finances" is in the Express,
    21 February 1879, page 2g,
    Register,
    26 February 1879, page 1a (supp.),
    14, 18, 19 and 22 March 1879, pages 4e, 4d, 4c and 4e,
    5 April 1879, page 4d.

    "Municipal Reforms" is in the Register,
    9 June 1879, page 4c,
    "The City Corporation" on
    5 August 1879, page 4d,
    2 September 1879, page 4d,
    14 October 1879, page 4f,
    9 March 1880, page 4f.

    "City Mud and Civic Muddles" is in the Express,
    7 July 1879, page 2b.

    "Municipal Management of the City" is in Frearson's Weekly,
    12 July 1879, page 169.

    "Corporation By-Laws and Sabbath Observance" is in the Register,
    3 September 1879, page 4g.

    "City Improvements" is in the Register,
    23 March 1880, page 4f.

    "Survey of the City" is in the Register,
    7 July 1880, page 5a.

    "The Adelaide Corporation and Its Work" is in the Chronicle,
    2 April 1881, page 5b.

    A poem titled "The City Fathers" is in the Observer,
    22 October 1881, page 25e; one stanza reads:

    "Corporation Red Tape" is in the Register,
    2 November 1881, page 5b.

    "The Mayor's Chain" is in the Observer,
    27 May 1882, page 34d,
    Register,
    24 and 25 May 1882, pages 6e and 45-5c - the latter reference includes information on the mace.

    "Visit to the Corporation Sand Depot" is in the Register,
    9 September 1882, page 5d,
    "Stone Quarry for the Corporation" on
    16 September 1882, page 1b (supp.).

    "White v the City Corporation" is in the Chronicle,
    25 November 1882, page 5b.
    "White v Adelaide Corporation" is in the Register,
    6 March 1886, page 4h.

    A sketch of a masquerade ball is in Frearson's Weekly,
    19 April 1879, page 77,
    of a fancy dress ball on
    6 January 1883, page 761.
    A juvenile fancy-dress ball is reported in the Register,
    8 October 1881, page 6b.
    Observer,
    4 November 1882, page 31b,
    5 October 1899, page 3d.
    A similar event sponsored by the Mayoress is reported in the Express,
    24 September 1887, page 3d,
    "Lady Smith's Fancy Dress Ball" is in the Chronicle,
    27 October 1888, page 7a.
    "The Children's Ball" is in the Register,
    26 June 1909, page 9c.

    Photographs of a children's fancy dress ball are in The Critic,
    17, 24 and 31 July 1912, pages 20, 20, and 20,
    7 August 1912, page 18.

    "Aldermen for the City of Adelaide" is in the Register,
    12 January 1881, page 5b.

    "Municipal Matters" is in the Register,
    12 July 1881, page 4e.

    "The Annual Inspection of the City" is in the Register,
    14 and 15 March 1882, pages 4c and 4g.

    "Electioneering Touts" is in the Register,
    26 January 1883, page 5a.

    "The City Council and Female Factory Hands" is in the Register,
    2 and 12 June 1883, pages 1g (supp.) and 4f-5c.

    Biographical details of R.L. Mesteyer, hydraulic engineer. are in the Register,
    15 August 1883, page 5b.

    "The City Corporation" is in the Register,
    7 January 1884, page 4f,
    6 January 1885, page 4f.

    "Civic Revenue and Expenditure" is in the Register,
    13 January 1885, page 4e.

    "The City Finances and Rates" is in the Register,
    8 January 1884, page 4f,
    "The City Rates" on
    6 and 7 January 1885, pages 5c and 5a.

    "The Mayor's Picnic" is in the Observer,
    17 May 1884, page 35a,
    Express,
    1 March 1890, page 3c,
    Register,
    2 May 1892, page 7b,
    Chronicle,
    10 October 1903, page 42;
    a photograph appears on
    15 October 1904, page 27.
    The Critic,
    10 October 1903, page 16.
    Also see Adelaide - Picnics and Holidays.

    "The Ratepayers and Their Rates" is in the Register,
    13 May 1884, page 5a.
    "Oppressive Rating" is in the Express,
    21 June 1884, page 3e,
    8 and 17 July 1884, pages 2e-3c and 3d,
    5 August 1884, page 3d.
    "City Rates" is in the Register,
    8 and 17 July 1884, pages 6d and 7c,
    5 and 19 August 1884, pages 6c and 4e-6a,
    3 September 1884, pages 4g-5c-6e,
    24 November 1885, page 4g.

    "Street Processions" is in the Register,
    16 September 1884, page 4h.

    The salary of the Mayor is discussed in the Observer,
    13 December 1884, page 38d,
    Register,
    9 December 1884, page 5a.

    "The Penalty of Official Negligence" is in the Register,
    28 November 1884, page 4d.

    "The Corporation Retrenching" is in the Register,
    9 December 1884, pages 4e-5a.

    "The City Corporation as Legislators and Litigants" is in the Register,
    9 February 1886, page 5a.

    "Saturday Popular Concert" is in the Register,
    7 June 1886, page 7d,
    6 July 1891, page 7a; also see
    22 April 1893, page 4h.

    Thought-Reading Seances at the town hall are reported in the Express,
    22, 23 and 26 March 1886, pages 3c, 3e and 4a.

    "The Scavenging Contract" is in the Express,
    19 November 1886, page 4a,
    16 and 27 August 1887, pages 3f and 3f; also see
    1 March 1898, page 2b.

    "Christmas Dinner for the Poor" is in the Express,
    26 December 1885, page 2f,
    "Christmas Gifts to the Poor" on
    19 December 1887, page 4a,
    "Christmas Cheer for Poor Children" on
    2 January 1890, page 3b,
    24 December 1890, page 5c,
    19 November 1891, page 3g,
    12 January 1892, page 2c,
    26 November 1892, page 6h,
    24 December 1892, page 5h.
    Also see Destitution.

    "The City Council and the City" is in the Express,
    19 November 1883, page 2g.

    An obituary of a former assistant town clerk, Charles Lynn, is in the Register,
    28 February 1889, page 4h,
    of a former Mayor, W. Bundey, on
    3 April 1889, page 6f.

    "Mayoral Hospitality" is in the Register,
    20 February 1889, page 4f.

    "The City Corporation and the Mayor" is in the Register,
    15 November 1889, page 4g.

    "The Mayor of Adelaide's Report" is in the Register,
    26 November 1889, page 4g.

    Biographical details of a Mayor, James Shaw, are in the Register,
    30 November 1889, page 6e.
    An obituary of James Shaw, a former Mayor, is in the Register,
    17 September 1910, page 15a.

    "The Juvenile Costume Ball" is in the Register,
    19 October 1888, page 6f.
    "A Mayor's Ball of Sixty Years Ago" is in the Register,
    25 June 1926, page 10 (includes photo),
    "The First Mayor's Ball - Chat With Two Guests" on
    2 July 1926, page 11c,
    "The Mayor's Ball" is in the Express,
    19 October 1888, page 3f,
    22 August 1890, page 3c,
    18 September 1895, page 3c,
    19 October 1898, page 3f,
    Register,
    20 August 1891, page 6c,
    10 and 11 August 1893, pages 4h and 6e,
    The Critic,
    20 June 1903, page 6 (photograph),
    Chronicle,
    20 June 1903, page 34a,
    Express,
    21 July 1905, page 4d,
    11 July 1912, page 5b.
    "The Mayor's Ball - How it Circulates Money" is in the Register,
    20 and 23 February 1904, pages 8e and 6f,
    "After the [Mayor's] Ball - Chat With Mrs W. Liston" is in the Register,
    17 July 1926, page 11a.
    "Mayor's Ball - Not a Booze-Up" is in the Register,
    31 May 1927, page 9b

    The "Jubilee of Local Government" is reported in the Register,
    31 October 1890, page 4g - "To Adelaide belongs the distinction of being the birthplace of municipal government in Australasia"; also see
    1 November 1890, page 5a,
    "Local Government - Its Genesis in South Australia" appears on
    18 August 1923, page 11f.

    An obituary of Councillor Downs is in the Register,
    1 November 1890, page 5b,
    of a former councillor, W. Holland, in the Observer,
    4 July 1891, page 30e,
    of John Craigie in the Register,
    11 June 1892, page 5c,
    of Councillor James Wedlock on
    31 October 1898, page 4h.

    "Leasing Street Ends" is in the Register,
    14 May 1891, page 5b.

    Council by-laws aimed at suppressing "houses of ill-fame", prize-fighting and similar barbarities" and gambling under "a special ban" are discussed in the Register,
    18 May 1891, page 4g; also see
    28 May 1891, page 7b.

    "Corporation By-Laws and Personal Freedom" is in the Register,
    9 July 1891, page 4f.

    Biographical details of councillor M.D. Reid are in the Register,
    26 November 1891, page 6e,
    of James Robertson on
    30 November 1893, page 7b.

    "The New Mayor of Adelaide" is in the Observer,
    28 November 1891, page 30c,
    5 December 1891, page 33d.

    The golden wedding of Mr & Mrs Thomas Worsnop is reported in the Register,
    23 February 1892, page 5b.

    "The City Council as Moral Censors" is in the Register,
    26 April 1892, page 4h,
    "Dissension Among the City Fathers" on
    11 October 1892, page 5b.

    Biographical details of Charles Willcox are in the Observer,
    24 December 1892, page 33a.

    "The Alignment of Adelaide" is in the Register,
    8 June 1893, page 5b.

    Municipal nomenclature is discussed in the Register,
    5 September 1893, page 5c.

    "The Mayor's Report" is in the Register,
    28 November 1893, page 4h.

    "A Scandalised Corporation" is in the Express,
    20 March 1894, pages 2b-3d.

    A Corporation officers' picnic is reported in the Chronicle,
    10 November 1894, page 8c,
    Express,
    8 October 1903, page 4f.
    A photograph is in the Chronicle,
    17 October 1903, page 42,
    17 October 1904, page 28.

    An obituary of the City Surveyor, J.H.C. Langdon, is in the Register,
    18 January 1895, page 5d.
    Biographical details of his successor, James Vicars are on
    26 February 1895, page 5b,
    18 March 1895, page 4g.

    "The Mayoral Excursion on the Murray" is in the Register,
    16 April 1895, page 6a,
    Observer,
    20 April 1895, page 41b.

    A mayoral banquet is reported in the Register,
    15 November 1894, pages 4e-6a,
    Express,
    12 November 1895, page 3e.

    An obituary of a former mayor, Caleb Peacock, is in the Chronicle,
    22 February 1896, page 18d,
    of Thomas Worsnop in the Observer,
    29 January 1898, page 16a and
    of Thomas Fabian on
    5 February 1898, page 21b.

    "The City Council and Prison Labor" is in the Express,
    23 December 1896, page 3e,
    Chronicle,
    2 and 16 January 1897, pages 16c and 22b.

    The retirement of Mr John Heddle is reported in the Chronicle,
    18 February 1899, page 16b.

    "The Corporation of Adelaide - Early History and Lost Opportunities" is in the Advertiser,
    19 and 26 August 1899, pages 10b and 11d.

    "Bicycles and By-Laws" is in the Express,
    21 July 1881, page 2g,
    20, 22, 23 and 26 March 1889, pages 7g, 4b, 2c and 3a,
    "Bicycle Regulations" in the Register,
    5 February 1894, page 5c,
    "A Comprehensive Warning to Cyclists" is in the Register,
    13 and 21 June 1895, pages 5a and 4h,
    13 July 1895, pages 4h-7d,
    "The New Laws for Bicyclists" on
    28 November 1895, page 5c.
    "Cyclists and Queer By-Laws" is in the Register,
    6 July 1897, page 4g,
    "A Bicyclists' Grievance" on
    4 March 1899, page 8e,
    "Trick Cyclists in the Streets" on
    16 July 1904, page 6g,
    "Cyclists and Park Lands" on
    31 January 1908, page 7e,
    "Hard on Cyclists" on
    8 November 1910, page 4f,
    "Control of Push Bicycles" is in the Advertiser,
    22 August 1923, page 17e.

    An inspection of the city by the mayor and council is reported in the Register,
    25 July 1885, page 7h,
    Express,
    16 and 17 June 1893, pages 3e and 3e.

    A poem titled "The Corporation Cantankerous" is in The Lantern,
    18 April 1889, page 20.

    "Australian Municipalities" is in the Advertiser,
    1 November 1890, page 5c.

    "The City Council and the Citizens" is in the Register,
    29 April 1890, page 5a.

    "Australian Municipalities" is in the Advertiser,
    1 November 1890, page 5c.

    "An Indictment Against City By-laws" is in the Register,
    11 August 1892, page 5a.

    An obituary of Councillor George Anderson is in the Register,
    25 June 1894, page 5a.

    Biographical details of Alderman Hagedorn (Haggedorn?) are in the Register,
    5 November 1894, page 4g,
    Observer,
    17 November 1894, page 16a,
    of Aldermen Charles Tucker and H.R. Fuller in the Register,
    3 December 1894, page 7f,
    of Councillor Henry Trathan in the Observer,
    4 March 1899, page 41d,
    of Mrs H.R. Fuller in the Register,
    15 March 1924, page 9c,
    28 August 1926, page 11e (obit.).
    An obituary of Alderman F. Haggedorn is in the Register,
    12 December 1898, page 4i.

    Biographical details of the Mayor, Charles Tucker, are in the Observer,
    8 December 1894, page 16d,
    Register,
    2 December 1897, page 5h.
    Information on and a photograph of a Mayor, Charles Tucker, are in the Weekly Herald,
    6 March 1896, page 1.
    A cartoon is in The Critic,
    16 October 1897, page 9.

    "Day Labour and the Corporation" is in the Register,
    4 February 1895, page 4e.

    "The City Surveyorship" is in the Register,
    26 February 1895, pages 4g-5b.

    An obituary of Councillor Whitehead is in the Register,
    16 March 1895, page 4i,
    Observer,
    16 March 1895, page 29d,
    of W.W. Blyth, Clerk of Works, on
    26 July 1895, page 5b; also see
    16 January 1896, page 5c.

    Biographical details on Councillor Patrick Whelan are in the Observer,
    22 June 1895, page 30c,
    of Alderman A.W. Ware in the Register,
    3 December 1895, page 6f.

    "Civic Concerns" is in the Register,
    19 November 1895, page 5c.

    "The Civic Shooting Party [0n the Murray]" is in the Register,
    7 and 8 April 1896, pages 5e and 4h.

    An obituary of Councillor William Cottrell is in the Register,
    8 April 1896, page 5a.

    "Is Turtle Soup Doomed?" is in the Register,
    22 February 1898, page 4f.

    "The Mayor and the Register" is in the Observer,
    5 February 1898, pages 13d-31a.

    An obituary of John Shearer, Overseer of Works, is in the Register,
    13 May 1898, page 5b.

    Information on the "new town clerk", Adam Wright, is in the Express,
    4 June 1898, page 5c.
    Observer,
    25 June 1898, page 16a,
    on T.G. Ellery on
    27 May 1899, page 16d,
    Register,
    17 October 1923, pages 8e-9e (obit.).
    Biographical details of R.E. Kippist, City Treasurer and Valuator, are in the Observer,
    25 June 1898, page 16e.

    A photograph and information on George Ellery, Town Clerk, are in the Weekly Herald,
    27 May 1899, page 1;
    Register,
    9 May 1899, page 5a.
    An annual report of the corporation presented by the Town Clerk (Mr Ellery) is in the Register,
    26 November 1901, pages 4d-9a.
    his reminiscences are in The Mail,
    10 July 1915, page 2b and

    "The City and the Mayor" is in the Express,
    24 November 1898, page 2b.

    "Municipal Progress" is in the Register,
    15 February 1899, page 4d,
    27 November 1906, page 4e.

    "The Town Hall" is in the Express,
    1 August 1899, page 3e.

    "The Mayor's Luncheon" is in the Register,
    10 November 1899, page 4f.

    Biographical details of Councillor W.J. Denny are in the Register,
    19 March 1900, page 7g.

    "Greater Adelaide - A Scheme Outlined" is in the Express,
    5 June 1900, page 2c-h; also see
    28 August 1900, page 3c,
    "Greater Adelaide - A Municipal Scheme" is in the Advertiser,
    28 August 1900, page 6b,
    26 September 1900, page 4d,
    "Municipal Problems" on
    30 November 1901, page 6c,
    "Towards Greater Adelaide" on
    26 and 30 July 1906, pages 6b and 6f.

    An inspection of tree nurseries is reported in the Register,
    13 September 1900, page 4d.

    Information on a Mayor, Mr Ware, is in the Register,
    24 November 1900, page 8g,
    Observer,
    1 December 1900, page 10a,
    19 January 1901, page 28d,
    23 February 1901, page 30e.

    Biographical details of Alderman Bruce are in the Register,
    31 August 1901, page 7b.

    "The City Mayoralty - Action Against Mr Ware" is in the Register,
    19 December 1901, page 9h,
    16 January 1901, pages 4c-7a.

    A cartoon titled "The City Corporation" is in The Critic,
    28 December 1901, page 4.

    "Civic Tree Destroyers" is in the Register,
    25 April 1902, page 4e.

    A cartoon titled "Where Justice Seems Barely Left" is in The Critic,
    7 June 1902, page 17.

    "The Town Hall Star Chamber" is in The Herald,
    28 March 1903, page 6a.

    "A Mayoral Picnic" is in the Register,
    3 October 1903, page 7b,
    "A Corporation Employees' Picnic" on
    17 October 1907, page 3f,
    29 October 1909, page 7b.

    "Mayor's Garden Party at Victoria Park" is reported in the Chronicle,
    31 October 1903, page 43.
    Photographs are in the Observer,
    23 November 1907, page 29,
    25 October 1913, page 29. Register,
    25 October 1909, page 7c.

    "Lord Mayor and Mayor - A Question of Civic Dignity" is in the Register,
    11 May 1904, page 5c,
    "Lord Mayor of Adelaide - The Queen City's Rights" on
    8 November 1910, page 7c; also see
    4 February 1911, page 15d.
    "Adelaide's Lord Mayoralty" is in the Register,
    14 and 31 October 1919, pages 7a and 7c,
    4 November 1919, page 7c.

    "Wire-Pulling and Canvassing" in the Adelaide City Council is in the Advertiser,
    21 June 1904, page 7d.

    "The Civic Windfall - Are the Ratepayers Being Mulcted?" is in the Register,
    21 June 1904, page 2i.

    "Civic Pomp" is in the Register,
    9 July 1904, page 4d.

    A council employees' picnic is reported in the Advertiser,
    6 October 1904, page 7f.

    "Civic Progress" is in the Register,
    22 November 1904, page 4d.

    Biographical information on Alderman A.A. Simpson is in the Register,
    5 December 1904, page 5b.

    An obituary of Councillor W. Cox is in the Register,
    13 April 1905, page 5a.

    "Motor By-Laws" is in the Register,
    18 July 1905, page 4f,
    22 July 1921, page 9d,
    "Motor Traffic - What Should the Speed Be?" on
    16 August 1905, page 3e.
    Also see South Australia - Transport - Motor Cars and Cycles.

    "Municipal Problems and Progress" is in the Register,
    28 November 1905, pages 4d-9b.

    "New By-Laws Enforced" is in the Register,
    3 and 12 January 1906, pages 6c and 7h.

    Improvements to the city are discussed in the Advertiser,
    25 June 1907, pages 6d-8g,
    "Civic Progress" on
    26 November 1907, page 6c,
    "City Improvements" on
    16 February 1909, page 6c.

    "Where Adelaide Leads" is in the Register,
    21 June 1907, page 4f-h.

    "Adelaide's Civic Progress" is in the Register,
    26 November 1907, page 6c.

    "A Municipal Fiasco" is reported in the Advertiser,
    15 January 1908, page 6d.

    The introduction of lawnmowing by motor is discussed in the Register,
    3 October 1908, page 8g - "The Adelaide City Council is the first public body in Australia to adopt the new power for this purpose".

    "A Destructor Wanted" is in the Register,
    3 July 1907, page 6h,
    15 and 22 October 1907, pages 6f and 8e,
    Express,
    2 July 1907, page 4c,
    7 October 1907, page 1f,
    9 March 1908, page 1f.

    "A Refuse Destructor - What it Means for Adelaide" is in the Register,
    15 and 22 December 1908, pages 9c and 10a; also see
    27 April 1909, page 9b,
    18 June 1909, page 4f,
    6 July 1909, page 8h,
    23 October 1909, pages 12h-13b.

    A destructor in Halifax Street is commented upon in the Advertiser,
    9 November 1909, page 9f.

    A destructor in Halifax Street is commented upon in the Advertiser,
    9 November 1909, page 9f,
    "Refuse Destructor and Allied Works" is described in the Register on
    24 February 1910, page 6f,
    8 and 25 June 1910, pages 10f and 14g,
    27 August 1910, page 5e, 3 September 1910, page 6c, (includes photographs),
    22 November 1910, page 4f; also see
    Express,
    26 April 1909, page 1g,
    5 July 1909, page 1f,
    7 June 1910, page 4d.
    "Dust, Dirt and Strench - The Rubbish Destructor" in The Mail,
    22 February 1913, page 19f; also see
    9 March 1929, page 16,
    30 June 1934, page 4.
    "Blaze at Rubbish Destructor" is in the Register,
    25 January 1918, page 5d.
    Photographs are in the Chronicle,
    6 August 1910, page 30.

    "Concerning Recreation Grounds" is in the Register,
    29 August 1908, page 7c.

    "Children's Playgrounds" is in the Advertiser,
    25 August 1908, pages 6d-8f,
    14 and 15 May 1914, pages 10d and 8d,
    23 September 1914, page 6f.
    The opening of the Glover Playground is reported on
    20 December 1918, page 8b;
    photographs are in the Observer,
    28 December 1918, page 23.
    "Playgrounds for Children" is in The News,
    25 August 1927, page 9d.
    "Recreation on Sundays - Move to Open Playgrounds" is in The News,
    4 and 22 October 1935, pages 2g and 4c.
    Also see Adelaide - Entertainment and the Arts - Miscellany - Playgrounds.

    An obituary of Christopher Gepp is in the Observer,
    27 February 1909, page 40e,
    of Alderman H.C. Richardson on
    8 October 1910, page 43a,
    of J. Chidlow, city messenger, on
    11 September 1915, page 47a.

    An obituary of a former alderman, H.C. Richardson, is in the Register,
    3 October 1910, page 6h.

    An obituary of Councillor Alfred Myers is in the Observer,
    3 April 1909, page 38e.

    "Civic Progress" is in the Register,
    27 April 1909, page 4b.

    "Municipal Activity in Adelaide" is in the Register,
    1 May 1909, page 11f.

    "Public Baths and Conveniences" is in the Register,
    11 May 1909, page 7c.

    "A Popular Mayor [H.W. Varley]" is in the Observer,
    19 February 1910, page 51a.

    The reminiscences of Sir Edwin Smith are in the Observer,
    9 April 1910, page 38b.

    A photograph of a mayoral dinner is in the Observer,
    6 August 1910, page 28.

    A photograph of a mayoral dinner for corporation employees is in the Observer,
    6 August 1910, page 28.

    A mayoral banquet to celebrate "Adelaide's Seventieth Birthday" is in the Observer,
    27 August 1910, page 42.

    A photograph of "officers of the corporation" is in the Observer,
    10 September 1910, page 30.

    "Civic Dignity" is in the Advertiser,
    8 November 1910, page 6c,
    "Mayor or Lord Mayor" on
    17 June 1911, page 18e; also see
    Express,
    7 November 1910, page 4a,
    21 June 1911, page 4a,
    14 August 1911, page 4d,
    Register,
    31 July 1911, page 6d,
    15 August 1911, pages 4h-5a,
    30 April 1914, page 6c,
    22 May 1914, page 6f.
    "The Lord Mayor - A Question of Precedence" is in the Express,
    10 April 1923, page 3f,
    Advertiser,
    10 April 1923, page 9b,
    Observer,
    14 April 1923, page 23a,
    Register,
    8 October 1924, page 10e.
    "Lord Mayor's Title - A Royal Grant" is in the Register,
    26 March 1927, page 11d.

    "By-Law Mad" is in the Express,
    24 April 1911, page 1g.

    An increase in hire charges for the town hall are discussed in the Express,
    19 June 1911, page 4e.

    "Aesthetic Rules - Hoardings and Verandahs" is in the Express,
    28 August 1911, page 4b.

    Biographical details of A.S. Diamond are in the Register,
    15 August 1911, page 4g.

    "Progress of Adelaide - Annual Official Report" is in the Register,
    28 November 1911, page 9a.

    "Hat Pin By-Law" is in the Register,
    27 September 1912, page 6g,
    "Those Hatpins" on
    25 October 1915, page 4f.
    Also see South Australia - Women - Dress and Appearance.

    An obituary of a former Mayor, Henry Scott, is in the Express,
    17 December 1913, page 4h,
    of Frank Johnson on
    26 April 1921, page 1e.

    "Uproar in the Town Hall - Australian Flag Hooted" is in the Express,
    22 October 1912, page 4g.

    "Corporation Carters' Strike" is in the Register,
    4, 5, 8, 10, 18 and 30 April 1912, pages 6c-8e, 5f, 4i, 6b, 4h and 6a,
    1, 2 and 3 May 1912, pages 9c, 3c and 4f,
    Express,
    4 and 19 April 1912, pages 1g and 1f.
    "Cleansing the City - Important Proposals" is in the Advertiser,
    16 April 1912, page 9h.
    "End of Corporation Strike" in the Observer,
    4 May 1912, page 35a.

    "City Council's New Policy - Motors Definitely Adopted" is in the Register,
    16 April 1912, page 6d.

    "Government Properties - Rating in the City" is in the Observer,
    28 September 1912, page 51a.

    "Town Planning" is in the Advertiser,
    27 December 1912, page 8g,
    Register,
    8 April 1914, page 10c,
    Advertiser,
    21 August 1915, page 14d,
    17 April 1916, page 9h,
    Register,
    15 and 25 October 1917, pages 4c and 8e.
    Information on the first Australian Town Planning Conference, which was held in Adelaide, is in the Advertiser,
    18 and 22 October 1917, pages 5d and 6d; also see
    1 August 1918, page 4d.
    Also see Adelaide - Social Matters & Town Planning.

    A photograph of an employees' is in The Critic,
    5 August 1914, page 3.

    A jubilee of the opening of the town hall is reported in the Express,
    21 June 1916.

    Photographs of the corporation's drays are in the Observer,
    14 November 1914, page 28,
    15 November 1924, page 34.

    "Open Spaces" is in the Advertiser,
    19 February 1913, page 14d,
    "Greater Adelaide" on
    11 July 1913, pages 8c-9b.

    "The Municipal Elections" is in the Register,
    6 December 1915, page 4b-i.

    "Mayor's Patriotic Fund" is in the Register,
    16 January 1915, page 9g,
    25 February 1915, page 8c.

    Biographical details of H.P. Beaver, town clerk, is in the Register,
    19 June 1915, page 9b,
    Observer,
    26 June 1915, page 51e,
    of W.C.D. Veale on
    16 February 1929, page 9c.

    Biographical details of Alderman Isaac are in the Register,
    6 December 1915, page 7.

    An obituary of G.T. Pank, building inspector, is in the Observer,
    29 January 1916, page 44a.

    "Architects in Council" is in the Advertiser,
    2 May 1916, page 6e.

    "Arteries to the City - The System of Maintenance" is in the Advertiser,
    18 October 1917, page 7f.

    The reminiscences of a former Lady Mayoress, Mrs H.R. Fuller, are in the Register,
    22 September 1917, page 6f,
    17 October 1917, page 8g,
    Observer,
    29 September 1917, page 32c.
    "An Early Adelaide Mayoress - Death of Mrs H.R. Fuller", is in the Advertiser,
    28 August 1926, page 15a.

    "Mayors and Boards" is in the Register,
    17 November 1917, page 6c.

    Biographical details of a Mayor, C.R.J. Glover are in the Observer,
    1 December 1917, page 9e.

    "The Mayoral Allowance" is in the Advertiser,
    3 February 1922, page 6e.

    "Cows, Pounds and the City Council" is in the Register,
    8 July 1922, page 12b.

    Biographical details of R.E. Kippist, city inspector, are in the Observer,
    14 October 1922, page 11e,
    of R.M. Scott, city engineer, on
    10 May 1924, page 35b.

    Biographical details of W.C.D. Veale are in the Register,
    9 October 1923, page 6h,
    of R.M. Scott, City Engineer, on
    8 May 1924, page 9e,
    of Wallace Bruce, Mayor, on
    23 November 1925, page 8g,
    of A.S. Diamond on
    2 August 1927, page 8h.

    "The Lord Mayor - A Question of Precedence" is in the Advertiser,
    10 April 1923, page 9b.

    Photographs of the Lord Mayor's Japanese Relief Fund Day are in the Observer,
    6 October 1923, page 27.

    "Town Acre 203 - A Comparison of Land Values" is in the Observer,
    9 February 1924, page 47a.

    "Adelaide's By-Laws" is in the Register,
    16 February 1924, page 13g.

    An obituary of a former Mayoress, Mrs M.E. Mayfield, is in the Observer,
    5 June 1926, page 42d,
    of Clement Wells on
    7 August 1926, page 11c.

    Information on the Mayor, Wallace Bruce, is in The News,
    26 July 1926, page 6f.

    Information on traffic regulations is in the Register,
    26 and 29 July 1927, pages 8d and 11h.

    The city's Coat of Arms is discussed in the Register,
    12 February 1929, page 8b,
    Advertiser,
    12 February 1929, page 12h.

    "Rating System Attacked" is in the Advertiser,
    28 June 1929, page 14f.

    "City Council Turns Censor" is in the Observer,
    15 February 1930, page 44b.

    "If Civic Dreams Had Come True" is in The Mail,
    8 July 1933, page 13.

    "Leaders in Civic History" is in The Mail,
    14 October 1933, page 16.

    "Mr Glover's Memories and Hopes" is in The News,
    1 December 1933, page 6e.

    "Dignity and Convention Demand Coats On [During Hot Weather]" is in The News,
    18 January 1934, page 6e.

    "Need for Modern City Centre in Adelaide" is in The News,
    25 January 1936, page 4d.

    A special meeting called to discuss button days is reported in The News,
    9 July 1936, page 1d.

    City Council and Allied Matters - Choose again